Characteristics of a periodic process, which is equal to the number of cycles of the process per hour. Standard meanings in formulas are , , or . The unit of frequency in the International System is one (CI) in the form of hertz ( Hz, Hz). The quantity, wrapped up in frequency, is called period. Frequency, as an hour, is one of the most accurately measured physical quantities: up to a certain accuracy of 10 −17.
Nature has periodic processes with frequencies ranging from ~10 −16 Hz (frequency of the Sun near the center of the Galaxy) to ~10 35 Hz (frequency of the oscillating field, characteristic of the most high-energy cosmic changes).
Cyclic frequency
Discrete frequency
The frequency of discrete pulses (impulse frequency) is a physical quantity that is equal to the number of discrete pulses that are generated per hour. Unit frequency of discrete second second minus first stage ( з −1, s−1), it is practical for the variation of the pulse frequency to be called vikoryst hertz.
Wrap frequency
The rotation frequency is a physical quantity that equals the number of rotations per hour. The unit of wrapping frequency is second minus the first stage ( з −1, s−1), revolution per second. Units such as turnover per hour, turnover per year, etc. are often used.
Other quantities related to frequency
Metrological aspects
Vimiryuvannya
- To vibrate the frequency, use frequencies of different types, including: to vibrate the frequency of pulses - electronic healing and capacitors, to vibrate the frequencies of spectral warehouses - resonant and heterodyne frequencies, as well as spectrum analyzers.
- To create a frequency with a given accuracy, various inputs are used – frequency standards (high accuracy), frequency synthesizers, signal generators, etc.
- Align the frequencies with a frequency comparator or with the help of an oscilloscope according to the Lisage figures.
Etaloni
- The sovereign standard of one hour, the frequency and national scale of the hour GET 1-98 - available from VNDIFTRI
- Second standard unit of hour and frequency BET 1-10-82- be registered in SNDIM (Novosibirsk)
Div. also
Notes
Literature
- Fink L. M. Signals, signals, signals... - M: Radio and communications, 1984
- Units of physical quantities. Burdun G. D., Bazakutsa V. A. - Kharkiv: Vishcha school,
- Adviser from physics. Yavorsky B. M., Detlaf A. A. - M.: Science,
Posilannya
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Synonyms:- Authorization
- Chemical physics
Wonder what “Frequency” is in other dictionaries:
FREQUENCY- (1) the number of repetitions of a periodic event in one hour; (2) The main frequency is greater or lesser than the non-current frequency of the high-frequency generator, which occurs when (div.); (3) Turnover value, which is the same as the number of revolutions. Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
Frequency- ion plasma frequency – the frequency of electrostatic vibrations that can be observed in plasma, the electronic temperature of which significantly exceeds the temperature of the ions; This frequency depends on the concentration, charge and mass of plasma ions. Nuclear energy terms
FREQUENCY- FREQUENCY, frequencies, plural. (Special) Frequencies, frequencies, squads. (Knizhkovy.). 1. more than one pull out. noun up to frequent Frequency of seizures. Frequency to rhythm. Increased heart rate. Strum frequency. 2. The value that expresses the other stage of any frequent revolution... Tlumachny Dictionary of Ushakov
frequency- s; frequency; and. 1. to Parts (1 character). Follow the frequency of repetition of moves. Needed for a year. planting potatoes. Turn respect back to your pulse rate. 2. The number of repetitions of however new rukhіv, kolivan in yakus l. one hour. Ch. wheel wrap. H... Encyclopedic dictionary
FREQUENCY- (Frequency) - the number of periods in one second. Frequency value, wrapped up to the Kolivan period; eg since the frequency of the alternating stream is f = 50 kolivan sec. (50 N), period T = 1/50 sec. The frequency is measured in hertz. When characterizing the vibration.
frequency- harmonica, vaganya Dictionary of Russian synonyms. frequency density thickness (about growth)) Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 of Computer Science. 2012… Glossary of synonyms
frequency- Appearance of a phased subdivision – due to the ratio m/n of the number m, the number of subdivisions appears in the given sequence of testing (its narrowness) until the leading number n of sampling. The term frequency is also used for significant frequency. In an old book. Dictionary of sociological statistics
Frequency- colivan, the number of subsequent periods (cycles) of the colival process, as in one hour. The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz), which represents one complete cycle every 1 second. Frequency f=1/T, de T period Kolivan, prote often... Illustrated encyclopedic dictionary
Viznachennya
Frequency- this is a physical parameter that is used to characterize periodic processes. The frequency is equal to the number of repetitions and repetitions per hour.
Most often, in physics, frequency is designated by the letter $\nu,$, while other frequency designations are common, for example, $f$ or $F$.
Frequency (on the order of an hour) is exactly a measured value.
Kolivan frequency formula
Additional frequencies are characterized by kolivannya. In this case, the frequency is a physical quantity that is equal to the turning period of the call $(T).$
\[\nu =\frac(1)(T)\left(1\right).\]
The frequency is the number of new calls ($N$) that occur per hour:
\[\nu =\frac(N)(\Delta t)\left(2\right),\]
where $\Delta t$ is the hour for which $N$ is spent.
The unit of frequency variation in the International System is one (SI) equal to hertz or turning second:
\[\left[\nu \right]=с^(-1)=Hz.\]
Hertz is a unit of the frequency of a periodic process, when every hour equals one second there is one cycle of the process. One of the variations in the frequency of the periodic process was named in honor of the German scientist G. Hertz.
The frequency of the beat, which occurs when two signals are added, which are generated in a straight line with different, or close in magnitude, frequencies ($(\nu )_1\ i \ (\nu )_2$) is the same:
\[(\nu =\nu )_1-\ (\nu )_2\left(3\right).\]
Another quantity characterizes the colination process - the cyclic frequency ($(\omega )_0$), associated with the frequency:
\[(\omega )_0=2\pi \nu \left(4\right).\]
The cyclic frequency is expressed in radians divided per second:
\[\left[(\omega )_0\right]=\frac(rad)(s).\]
The frequency of oscillation of a body that carries a mass of $\m,$ suspended on a spring with a spring coefficient of $k$ is similar:
\[\nu =\frac(1)(2\pi \sqrt((m)/(k)))\left(5\right).\]
Formula (4) is correct for spring, small kolivan. In addition, the weight of the spring is due to its smallness due to the weight of the body attached to the spring.
For a mathematical pendulum, the frequency of the kolivan is calculated as: dovzhina thread:
\[\nu =\frac(1)(2\pi \sqrt((l)/(g)))\left(6\right),\]
de $ g $ - quickening of the free fall; $\l$ - Dovzhina thread (dovzhina pendulum) of the pendulum.
A physical pendulum swings at a frequency:
\[\nu =\frac(1)(2\pi \sqrt((J)/(mgd)))\left(7\right),\]
where $J$ is the moment of inertia of the body, which causes vibration along the axis; $d$ - stand from the center of the pendulum to the axis of the pendulum.
Formulas (4) – (6) are close. The smaller the amplitude of the vibrations, the more precise the value of the frequency of the vibrations, calculated with additional help.
Formulas for calculating the frequency of discrete steps, wrapping frequency
discrete kolivan ($n$) - call the physical quantity that is the number of actions (periods) per hour. Since the hour that occupies one stage is designated as $tau$, then the frequency of discrete stages is the same:
The unit of frequency of discrete steps is the turning second:
\[\left=\frac(1)(с).\]
A second minus the first step increases the frequency of discrete steps, so that in an hour, which is equal to one second, one step is generated.
The rotation frequency ($n$) is a value equal to the number of rotations that can be performed in one hour. If $ \tau $ is the hour that is spent per one revolution, then:
Apply responsibility to your responsibilities
Butt 1
Zavdannya. The kolivalny system worked in an hour, which is equivalent to 600 kolivani ($\Delta t=1\хв$). What is the frequency of tsikh kolivan?
Decision. To solve this problem, the frequency of calls is accelerated: Frequency, in this case, is the number of new calls that occur in one hour.
\[\nu =\frac(N)(\Delta t)\left(1.1\right).\]
First move on to the calculation, let's convert the hour into units of the CI system: $\Delta t = 1\хв = 60\з$. Let's calculate the frequency:
\[\nu =\frac(600)(60)=10\ \left(Hz\right).\]
Confirmation.$\nu =10Hz$
Butt 2
Zavdannya. Figure 1 shows a graph of the vibration of this parameter $\xi\(t)$. What is the amplitude and frequency of the vibration of this quantity?
Decision. From Fig. 1 it is clear that the amplitude of the value $ xi \ left (t right) = ( xi )_ (max) = 5 (m) $. It can be seen from the graph that one hour of chiming takes place in an hour, which is equal to 2 s; therefore, the period of chiming is equal to:
Frequency is the value of the turning point of the Kolivan period, also:
\[\nu =\frac(1)(T)=0.5\ \left(Hz\right).\]
Confirmation. 1) $ (\xi)_(max) = 5\(m)$. 2) $\nu = 0.5 $ Hz
The concept of frequency and period of a periodic signal. Only a few die. (10+)
Frequency and period of the signal. Concept. Only one in the world
Material with explanations and additions to the article:
One world of physical quantities in radioelectronics
One of the world is the relationship of physical quantities that is used in radio engineering.
In nature, periodic processes often occur. This means that any parameter that characterizes the process changes according to the periodic law, so that the equality is correct:
Value of frequency and period
F(t) = F(t + T) (species 1), where t is the hour, F(t) is the value of the parameter at the time t, and T is a constant.
It is understood that if forward zeal is correct, then it is also true:
F(t) = F(t + 2T) Also, since T is the minimum value of the constant, when the relationship is 1, then it is called T period
In radioelectronics, we monitor the strength of the current and voltage, and also with periodic signals, important signals for voltage and power of the current have the correct relationship 1.
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Everything on the planet has its own frequency. In one version, it is laid as the basis of our world. Unfortunately, the theory is too complex to be presented within one publication, so we will look at the frequency of stabbing as an independent action. Within the framework of the article, the corresponding physical process, one of the world's and the metrological warehouse will be given. And in the end, the butt of importance in the basic life of the basic sound will be examined. We find out what his nature is.
What is called the kolivan frequency?
Here we take into account the physical value that is used to characterize the periodic process, which is equal to the number of repetitions and repetitions of song songs in one hour. This indicator is determined depending on the number of these people up to the interval of an hour, the duration of which the stench was present. Vlasna frequency of kolivan affects the skin element of light. A body, an atom, a road place, a train, a flight - all of them are the sounds of the singing orcs, as they are called. Stop this process, the eye can't see it, it stinks. There are only a few species in which the ringing frequency is important, hertz. The stench got its name in honor of the German physicist Heinrich Hertz.
Mitt frequency
A periodic signal can be characterized by a mitering frequency, which is accurate to the coefficient and the speed of phase change. This is possible as a sum of harmonious spectral warehouses, which move with their steady sounds.
Cyclic frequency of kolivan
It’s a good idea to be a good student of theoretical physics, especially in the section on electromagnetism. Cyclic frequency (also called radial, circular, corner) is a physical quantity that is used to determine the intensity of movement of the colival or obverse flow. Persha appears in the wrappers and kolivannas for a second. With obertal Russia, the frequency is similar to the modulus of the vector of cutaneous fluidity.
This indicator appears in radians for one second. The size of the cyclic frequency is the turning point. The numerical expression is equal to the number of revolutions and revolutions that became 2π in seconds. This introduction for the study allows you to significantly experience the different spectrum of formulas in electronics and theoretical physics. The most popular application of the vikoristan is the resonant cyclic frequency of the colivary LC circuit. Other formulas can be significantly complicated.
Discrete frequency
Under this value there are values that are equal to the number of discrete periods that are observed in one unit of the hour. Theoretically, the indicator is called vikorista - a second minus the first step. In fact, to determine the frequency of the pulses, set the value to Hertz.
Wrap frequency
Under it we understand a physical quantity that is equal to the number of additional revolutions that are generated in one unit of an hour. Here the indicator also becomes stagnant - a second minus the first step. To designate the word, you can use words such as rotation, year, day, month, river and others.
Only one in the world
What is the frequency of colivan? If you take into account the CI system, then there is one vimiru - ce hertz. It was originally commissioned by the International Electrical Engineering Commission back in 1930. And the 11th General Conference since its inception in 1960 consolidated the popularity of this show as one of the SI. What was presented as “ideal”? It was the frequency that came into play when one cycle was generated in one second.
What else can you do with vibroculture? For them, certain values were fixed: kilocycle, megacycle per second, etc. Therefore, if you pick up a device that operates with a GHz display (like a computer processor), you can roughly see how many things it does. One would think that the hour is too late for people. All the same, the technology can generate millions of dollars and billions of operations per second. In one year, the computer has already performed so many activities that most people will not be able to detect them in the numerical virus.
Metrological aspects
The frequency of vibration has found its meaning in metrology. These devices have a lot of functions:
- Change the pulse frequency. The smells are represented by electronic-therapeutic and capacitor types.
- Determine the frequency of the spectral warehouses. There are heterodyne and resonant types.
- Perform spectrum analysis.
- Create the required frequency with the specified accuracy. In this case, various approaches may become stuck: standards, synthesizers, signal generators and other equipment directly.
- Align the indicators of the selected values, using a comparator or oscillograph.
Robot butt: sound
Everything that has been written can be made easier for understanding, since we have studied the dry language of physics. To understand the information provided, you can point the butt. For him, everything will be described in detail, based on the analysis of the events in everyday life. For this purpose, let’s look at the most common butt of Kolivan – sound. Its power, as well as the peculiarities of the mechanical spring vibrations at the midstream, are directly related to the frequency.
Human hearing organs can detect vibrations that occur between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. Moreover, with age, the upper boundary gradually decreases. If the frequency of the sound falls below the figure of 20 Hz (as indicated by subcontracts), then infrasound is created. This type, which in most cases is not perceptible to us, people can still perceive clearly. When the cordon is moved by 20 kilohertz, vibrations are generated, which are called ultrasound. If the frequency is increased to 1 GHz, then we will be on the right side of hypersound. Considering a musical instrument such as a piano, it can produce vibrations in the range of 27.5 Hz to 4186 Hz. When making sure that the musical sound does not consist solely of the fundamental frequency, overtones and harmonics are also produced. This at once means timbre.
Visnovok
As you might know, the frequency of vibration is an extremely important factor that allows our world to function. Of course, we can feel that the harmony of computers works without any other nasty speeches. If the frequency of the call is moved beyond the optimal range, songs may begin to collapse. So, if you put pressure on the processor so that its crystal works with double the larger performance, you will soon end up going well.
The same can happen in human life if the ear drums burst at high frequencies. There will also be other negative changes in the body that can cause serious problems, even leading to fatal results. Moreover, due to the peculiarities of physical nature, this process is extended to last a trivial period of time. Before speaking, respectfully this official, the military is considering new possibilities for the development of the future.
The hour during which there is one full EPC change, either one oscillating cycle or one new rotation of the radius vector, is called during the period of grinding of the changeable strum(baby 1).
Malyunok 1. Period and amplitude of sinusoidal vibration. Period – one hour of chiming; The amplitude is of the greatest importance.
The period is expressed in seconds and designated by a letter T.
Also, other units are measured in periods of millisecond (ms) - one thousandth of a second and microsecond (μs) - one millionth of a second.
1 ms = 0.001 sec = 10 -3 sec.
1 µs = 0.001 ms = 0.000001 sec = 10 -6 sec.
1000 µs = 1 ms.
The number of new EPC changes or the number of turns of the radius-vector, otherwise apparent, the number of new kolyvaniya cycles that affect the changing flow of one second, is called with the frequency of pounding the serpentine strum.
Frequency is indicated by a letter f It appears in periods of a second or hertz.
One thousand hertz is called a kilohertz (kHz), and a million hertz is called a megahertz (MHz). It turns out that just one gigahertz (GHz) is equivalent to one thousand megahertz.
1000 Hz = 103 Hz = 1 kHz;
1000000 Hz = 106 Hz = 1000 kHz = 1 MHz;
1000000000 Hz = 10 9 Hz = 1000 000 kHz = 1000 MHz = 1 GHz;
The faster the EPC change occurs, the faster the radius vector turns, the shorter the vibration period. The faster the radius vector turns, the higher the frequency. Thus, the frequency and period of the alternating current are values that are proportional to each other. The more one of them, the less the other.
The mathematical relationship between the period and frequency of alternating flow and voltage is expressed by the formulas
For example, if the frequency of the stream is equal to 50 Hz, then the period is equal to:
T=1/f=1/50=0.02 sec.
And as a reminder, it is clear that the flow period is equal to 0.02 sec, (T = 0.02 sec.), then the frequency is equal to:
f = 1/T = 1/0.02 = 100/2 = 50 Hz
The frequency of the alternating stream, which is used for illumination and industrial purposes, is exactly 50 Hz.
Frequencies from 20 to 20,000 Hz are called audio frequencies. The streams in the antenna of radio stations fluctuate with frequencies up to 1,500,000,000 Hz or, otherwise seemingly, up to 1,500 MHz or 1.5 GHz. Such high frequencies are called radio frequencies or high frequency vibrations.
Findings in the antennas of radar stations, satellite communication stations, and other special systems (for example, GLANASS, GPS) fluctuate with frequencies up to 40,000 MHz (40 GHz) and higher.
Amplitude of the alternating strum
The highest value that the EPC and the force of the stream reaches during a period is called the amplitude of the EPC and the strength of the alternating strum. It is easy to note that the amplitude on the scale is equal to the radius vector. The amplitude of the strum, EPC and voltage are indicated according to the letters Im, Em and Um (baby 1).
Kutovo (cyclic) frequency of the alternating strum.
The fluidity of the radius-vector wrapping, so that the magnitude of the turn changes over the course of one second, is called the cutoff (cyclic) frequency of the change stream and is indicated by the Greek letter ? (Omega). The rotation of the radius vector at any moment before its cob position is expressed in degrees, and in special units - radians.
A radian is the magnitude of the arc of a stake, the length of which is equal to the radius of the stake (Figure 2). Everything that turns 360° is 6.28 radians, or 2.
Malyunok 2.
1rad = 360°/2
So, at the end of the radius vector, over the course of one period, roads pass through, which is equal to 6.28 radians (2). So, over the course of one second, the radius vector increases the number of turns, which is equal to the frequency of the alternating stream. f, then in one second the end of the road passes, 6.28*f radian What is it that characterizes the fluidity of the radius-vector wrapping, and what will be the frequency of the alternating stream -? .
? = 6.28 * f = 2f
The rotation of the radius-vector of any place before its cob position is called phase of the changeable strum. The phase characterizes the value of the EPC (or struma) in the given or, as it seems, the Mittev value of the EPC, directly at the Lantzug and directly at the change; phase shows whether the EPC is changing or growing.
Malyunok 3.
The full rotation of the radius vector reaches 360°. With the beginning of a new turn of the radius vector, the EPC change occurs in the same order as during the first turn. So, all phases of the EPC are repeated in great order. For example, the EPC phase when rotating the radius vector by 370° will be the same as when rotating by 10°. In both phases, the radius vector takes the same position, and, therefore, the EPC values will be the same in phase in both phases.