One of the main symbols of Russian sovereignty is the ensign, which is painted in three colors: white, blue and red. Every country sacredly cannot do without this symbol: they decorate everyday buildings and government installations, carry ensigns neatly at demonstrations and light up at rallies. The history of this symbol is so ambiguous and similar to the history of Russia itself, and it is not without reason that its color is emphasized by everything that is most important for Russians.
Russian tricolor: from pre-Petrine hours to the present day
The guilt of the ensign of Russia is, close to the present day, connected with the reforms of Peter the Great. In the pre-Petrine era, ensigns were used especially during military campaigns and were embroidered with gold and wood, depicting church symbols, paintings from the Holy Scriptures, the ancient titles of the sovereign and nobles who commanded the army.
During the reign of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich (the other half of the 17th century), the number of ensigns with non-church subjects, such as the coat of arms, increased. An important point in the history of the victory of the Trismug ensign was the marriage in 1667. under the ownership of the Dutchman D. Butler, a ship called “Eagle”. This ship was intended for the protection of Persian merchants during their trade expeditions on the Caspian and Volga. During the course of his work, Butler declared the need for fabrics for ship ensigns, such as the king. At the same time, Butler noted to his prokhanna that it is customary to vikorize those colors that are respected by the sovereign.
The Dutchman was pleased: he was supplied with the required quantity of “worms, whites, blacks” and taffeta (fabrics popular in Ancient Russia). These ensigns, as well as the ship itself, did not wake up long, they were burned in Astrakhan by the Cossacks, but the knowledge about them was preserved and led to the further conquest of these claims by Peter the Great.
Speaking about the era of Peter and his reforms, one cannot help but think about his burial of seafarers, ships and military forces. And the fragments in the past, ensigns and ensigns, were immediately in front of us, with military and seafaring attributes, and the stench disappeared quickly from Peter’s sight.
In the first years, the king vikorized the ensigns of his father or created new ones, similar to the old ones. Ale the destruction of everything coming in was revealed and the created ensigns. Kolya in 1963 Petro, being in Arkhangelsk, first got drunk on the sea, noticing the ensigns of the overseas ships that were standing at the port at that hour. German, Dutch, and English flags differed from those that were in the history of Russia: the stench was strong and did not disturb the usual images and titles.
At the further arrival of the king to the sea, he sailed under the tricolor ensign of our familiar Kvits, with his coat of arms depicted on his blue field. This ensign has been preserved and is in the Central Military and Naval Museum and is the oldest of the Russian tricolors that have been preserved.
It’s great that the Tsar’s masterly hand took up the creation of new ensigns: especially the design of the ensigns for ships, which became over 30 years old. and smugi. The royal decree was signed on 20 September 1705. having voted that in merchant and other civilian ships the trismugov white-blue-red linen should be worn, and in military courts from 1707 r. becoming a permanent ensign of Andrew the First-Called. At that time, the analogue of the royal ensign was a gold plate with a black double-headed eagle. The eagle’s heads were topped with three crowns, and along the mantles were placed maps of the four seas in which Russian ships sailed. These colors (black and yellow) were preserved in ceremonies after the death of the first Russian emperor, and the Empress Anna Ioannaya was devastated by the powers.
In 1858 Alexander II carried out a reform in connection with sovereign symbols with the method of emphasizing the monarchy. In the midst of other transformations, the Tsar-Deliverer established that all the ensigns, ensigns and other attributes necessary in the areas could be prepared in the sovereign colors, which were developed in the sung order: the beast is black smuga, in the middle is yellow (gold hundred), and below – white ( or silverware).
At the same time, the white-bladed Andrievsky ensign and the tricolor, which is familiar to us, on merchant ships, were not attached. V. I. expressed his thought about this food. Far away, having realized that it is necessary to bring great diversity to the point of confusion, and the people do not understand what kind of ensigns they raise, how they embellish the saint. It was not only Dahl who had such a thought; the marriage was more spanthelic than the foreign ensign of the people.
Qiu problem 1883 r. Emperor Alexander III ordered that the white-blue-red ensign itself be victorious at the holy hour. Ale unimportant at this point, the type of black, yellow and white colors at that moment was still not entirely imaginable.
The young Emperor Mikola II remained in power in 1896, in preparation for his coronation. To unite the people in a difficult period for Russia, it was decided to proclaim a white-blue-red trismuge cloth as a single ensign for all drives. Why did the emperor give priority to this ensign? Because his colors were close to the common people, and the intelligentsia were associated with the great achievements of Peter. This ensign is opposed to the red ensigns with political hassles, which are becoming more and more frequent and widely stagnant in all spheres of life.
After the coup of 1917, the tricolor ensign was forgotten. The new government voiced to the sovereign the red ensign - a symbol of freedom and the communist struggle. This was legalized by the first Constitution of the RRFSR in 1918. After the collapse of the monarchy, the tricolor became a symbol of the White Army, as well as the vikorist “Russian Free Army” of General Vlasov, which fought against the Radian troops at the site of the VVV.
The completion of the Radyansky doby in 1991 marked the turning of the trismuge ensign. 22 serpnya 1991 r. tricolor (white, black and red) was announced by the National Ensign of the Russian Federation. In his drawing, in the Presidential Decrees of 1993-1994, this ensign was called to be respected as a sovereign symbol, and the colors were designated by other names: white, blue and red.
Meanings of colors tricolor
During the reign of Mikoli Another, who ordered the vikorist to wear the tricolor ensign at all important entrances, it was important that the colors be similar to folk life and close to the colors of folk costumes.
There was also another explanation: the red color symbolized the State, the blue color signified Our Lady, who protects Russia, and the white color symbolized the freedom of all citizens and the independence of the land. It appears that last year there was another explanation: none of the colors symbolize the unity of the three historical regions of Russia.
In our time there is a neutral interpretation of the meaning of colors of the ensign. And the version where this color means the unity of the government, the people and the Orthodox faith. The most universal, but informal interpretation of these colors themselves is as follows: in my opinion, white symbolizes peace and purity; blue is the color of faith, sweetness to the ideal, staleness, and red in its color signifies energy, strength, blood, wasted in the name of the Fatherland.
Ensign's Day
Since 1994, the 22nd sickle in Russia marks the Day of the Sovereign Ensign. It is dedicated to the reversal of the tricolor after the sickle coup of 1991.
Large-scale celebration of the Ensign's Day began only in 2007-08, since the restoration of sovereign symbols was stopped. Nowadays, in many places in Russia on this day, marches, massacres of flash mobs are held, dedicated to the ensign, for example, in 2014, a series of activities in Omsk brought out a tricolor with 225 cars. Also, the Ensign’s Day is celebrated at the beginning: schools hold thematic lessons, and children’s kindergartens have fun.
Country Russia
Capital Moscow
Zagalna area: 17,098,200 km2
Illumination date: 24. 8. 1991
Population: 146 880 432
Currency: Russian ruble (RUB)
Code: RU (RUS)
Telephone code: +7
Colori: white, red, blue
Figures: horizontal dark
Continent: , ,
Organization: , ,
The ensign of Russia is the tricolor. The ensign is made up of three equal-sized horizontal stripes. The top smuga is white, the middle is blue, the bottom is red.
The design of the ensign of Russia is based on the ensign of the Netherlands. On the Russian ensign, in its own right, it was founded the anonymous ensigns of the Slovenian powers in Europe, and the colors (white, blue, red), which are vikorist in these ensigns, are often called pan-Slovenian quotes - the stench gradually began to mean independence and unity of words 'yan. There is no official significance to the symbolism of the Russian ensign, but the broader Duma gives the following interpretation to the ensign: the white color symbolizes generosity and broadness; blue color means loyalty, honesty and wisdom; The red color means goodness, generosity and love. It is also widely believed that the red color means Russians, the blue color means Ukrainians, and the white color means Belarusians.
A short history of the Russian ensign
The current ensign of Russia was adopted on September 21, 1991, not long before Russia became an independent power and a member of the United Nations Organization (26 September 1991). Most historians respect that the Russian ensign appeared shortly after Peter I, and more precisely, his visit to the Netherlands in 1699. Having discovered there with the method, he obtained knowledge about the shipbuilding of the city masters. In the process of travel, we have decided that Russia also needs a military-naval ensign. You saw a Russian ensign, similar to the ensign of the Netherlands, but with Russian flags. Invented by him, the ensign was used as the naval ensign of Russia for merchant ships, and later (1883) it was adopted as the civil ensign of Russia. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, when Russia became part of the Union of Radian Socialist Republics, the serial number was replaced with a different one. After the collapse of the Radyansky Union in 1991, the current Russian ensign began to vikorize again.
Ensign of the Russian Federation- This is the official symbol of Russia, along with its coat of arms and anthem. The straight cloth of white, blue and red colors - the Russian tricolor - has its own history. The ensign has been changing for centuries, as history highlights the stages of development and change in Russia.
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Until the 17th century, Russia had a single sovereign ensign. The first mystery about him is connected with the name of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich Romanov. In 1668, the family followed the European tradition of ordering the raising of an ensign over the first Russian military ship, named “Eagle”. Apparently, for the preparation of the first ensign, red, white and blue material was purchased, although there is no exact information about what they looked like. From which the drive comes a number of versions, one of which also contains images of a double-headed eagle on the ensign. It is important that, behind its type, the first military-naval ensign competed with several Streltsy ensigns of the mid-17th century, or even earlier periods.
1693
What is the fate of the hour when Petro I sailed across the sea for the first time on his yacht “Ensign of the Tsar of Moscow”. The ensign is folded into three horizontal tans (white, blue and red), in the center of the ensign there is a golden double-headed eagle. With this rank, the fleet now has its own single ensign, which can actually be considered the sovereign ensign of Russia.
1705
On the 20th of today, Peter I issued a decree on the placement of a white-blue-red ensign on merchant ships. This ensign was the same as the military ensign of the Russian army, and white-blue-red scarves were part of the officer's uniform from 1700 to 1732.
1712
The military fleet was confirmed with a white and black cross St. Andrew's ensign, created in honor of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. The layout of the ensign was specially created by Peter I.
1806
On the basis of the Peter the Great tricolor, other divisions were split up. So, in 1806, the ensign of the Russian-American campaign appeared: the traditional tricolor with a black double-headed eagle and the inscription “Russian-American Company” in the middle of a white dark background.
1858
Alexander II approved a new small ensign for the local fall (black-yellow-white). The initiator of the changes was Baron Quesne, who gained the respect of the emperor for those that the colors of the ensign did not correspond to the colors of the coat of arms, since this situation was in accordance with the rules of German heraldry.
1865
Viyshov's decree, in which black, orange (golden) and white were called sovereign tributes of the Russian Empire. These colors symbolized the earth, and gold was cut down. It is significant that the black-and-white ensign never gained popularity in the marriage - but there were strong associations with Austria and the Habsburgs.
1883
At the hour of the holy day of the coronation of Alexander III, the emperor was struck with respect for the contrast of the Yuletide process, decorated with black, yellow and white flowers, in a place where white, blue and red colors were respected. On April 28, 1883, the emperor ordered the use of the white-blue-red ensign of the merchant marine fleet in the localities.
1896
Before the coronation of Mikoli II, the tricolor of Peter the Great was officially given the status of ensign. The red color symbolizes “sovereignty,” the black color symbolizes the intercession of the Mother of God, and the white color symbolizes freedom and independence.
1918
In response to Sverdlov’s proposal, the sovereign ensign became a red cloth with gold inscription RRFSR at the upper left corner. The idea of an ensign that counts for everything was adopted by European revolutionaries and socialists.
1954
Even to this day, the sovereign ensign of the RRFSR often replaced the red cloth without inscriptions and small details. On May 2, 1954, by decree of the Presidium of the RRFSR, the remaining version of the ensign was confirmed. Now the ensigns have been folded from a scarlet cloth with a light blue tan and a holder across the entire width of the ensign. On the red cloth, near the upper left corner, there were images of a golden sickle and hammer, as well as a red five-cut mirror, embellished with gold, above them.
1991
On September 22, 1991, a new history of the ensign of Russia began. The sovereign ensign recognized a rectangular cloth with different-sized horizontal stripes of white, blue and red colors and matching sides 1:2. In 1994, 22 sickles were declared the Day of the State Ensign of the Russian Federation.
1993
On the 11th anniversary, President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin issued Decree No. 2126 “On the State Ensign of the Russian Federation,” which confirmed the color and proportions of the ensign in the form in which we have them at once.
2008
Since June 15, 2008, the sovereign ensign of the Russian Federation may be victorious from private individuals, large organizations, enterprises, institutions and organizations in a manner that is not outside the ensign.
The article will write about those who have been the ensigns of Russia throughout history, so for the majority of the citizens of our land, the ensigns will never be the same. Well, and of course, it’s time to guess about the ensign, which many people know about. And the axis about those that is the symbol (and the ensign is placed before the sovereign symbol) of our land is not known at all.
Prapori of Ancient Russia
It is necessary to clearly define what is meant by the ensign. The ensign is the official symbol of the state on the same level as the coat of arms and anthem. Since its inception, the Russian state has been a small ensign. Let's start the story from the beginning, from the beginning, from Ancient Russia. The highest ensign, under which the army of the princes of the Great Oleg and Svyatoslav was united, was the red banner. The next ensign is interested in the image of a dident, which Prince Svyatoslav the Great chose after his victory over Khazaria as a symbol of the dident.
After the baptism of Russia, the dagger was replaced by the image of the cross on Golgotha, and with the emergence of fragmentation in the every princedom, he became his ensign. The first to try to create a new military ensign was Dmitro Donsky. This is a red flag from the denunciations of Christ. It was with this ensign that I achieved victory on the Kuliki field.
During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the banner looked like this: on the part, in black color, there are images of St. Michael on horseback. On the other part of the milky-white color there was an image of Christ. Prapor covered with lingonberry and poppy colors.
The first Russian armorial ensign was confirmed by Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich in 1668 at the same time as the first Russian ensign. The main color of the ensign was milky white with a red trim, on which there was an image of a double-headed eagle and the coats of arms of the lands that belong to the king, and a legend was written on the frame. The ensign was a straight-cut panel, on which a cross was depicted in a blue color, and the pieces were in a white and red color diagonally. The first ensign was raised by the Russian ship "Eagle". Why did the tricolor appear? At that very hour, Little, White and Great Russia became united.
Petro Pershiy 20 sіchnya 1705 r. Having seen the decree, which requires trading ships to raise a tricolor ensign: white-blue-red. The king especially looked at the eyes and set the roztashuvannya of the smug. Peter also established the “Russian Standard”, which provided a description of the coat of arms of the Russian state.
At 1742 r. For the coronation of Elizaveta Petrivna, an ensign was made, which was made of a cloth with images on both sides of a double-headed eagle in black color, which was inspired by oval shields with 31 coats of arms, which symbolized the lands that the powers belonged to. 11 chervenya 1858 r. By decree of Alexander II, a new ensign was created, which was formed from horizontally shaded black, yellow (golden) and white colors. The "coat of arms" lettering is written in such a color design.
But such a change in the ensign led to discussions about what kind of ensign should be respected by the sovereigns, confirmed by Alexander II and confirmed by Peter. 28 April 1883 Alexander III punished the sovereigns to respect white, blue and red smuga, and black-yellow-white - with citations of the imperial name.
Emperor Mikola II in 1896 having created a Special Council under the Ministry of Justice, where food for the Russian ensign was discussed. Narada praised that the given colors provide all the foundations for being sovereign. And the tricolor has been given an official explanation: the red color stands for the state, the blue color is the color of the Mother of God - the patroness of Russia, the white color stands for the freedom and independence of the state.
After the revolution, the timely order continued to vikorize the great ensign, and then the Radyan power did not change for any hour. 8th quarter 1918 r. Ya. Sverdlov at the meeting of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Committee promoted the creation of the ensign of red color as a sovereign symbol, which was deprived of the national promotion of 70 rocks. The new image was approved by the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Commission on the 1st quarter of 1937, which was divided into pieces by the hands of the Radyan government, by the artist O.M. Milkin. On the new ensign, the style of the abbreviation, which was in the upper left corner, was changed: previously it was painted with a golden color in a cunning manner, now it was suggested to be made with simple golden letters.
Over the years, the ruler of the USSR thought that it would be right to make minor adjustments to the sovereign symbol in order to highlight the essence of socialism. It was decided to place on the ensigns the emblem of the USSR - a hammer and sickle with a five-cut red sparkle, in which the main color was deprived of a red and black sparkle, which occupied an eighth of the entire size of the ensign. The red color symbolized the heroism of the peasant people, their fight against capitalism, the hammer and sickle - the friendship between the workers and the collective villagers. And why was the five-pointed star chosen? Because she promoted the triumph of communism on all five continents.
22 serpnya 1991 r. It was decided to honor the official ensign of Russia with the pre-revolutionary tricolor, and on the 11th of April 1997 The Regulations on the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation were adopted. And it is not surprising why this very option was chosen as a national symbol: under the tricolor ensign the foundation of the coup in 1991 was formed. Born in 1994 President of Russia Boris Yeltsin signed a decree in which there was a Decree about those to make 22 sickles the Day of the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation. The holy bulo was reserved for the creation of a shambolic installation up to the sovereign symbols of all the philistines of the region.
25 breast 2000 rub. President Volodymyr Putin signed the Law, which states that the ensign of the Russian Federation is guilty of being a rectangular-shaped panel with three horizontal stripes of the same size - white, blue and red. The abuse of the ensign is respected with evil. There is no single interpretation of the meaning of colors, but the most popular one is this:
- biliy - this is nobility and purity;
- blue - faithfulness and honesty;
- chervony – courage, sweetness.
Apparently, the Russian ensign has a rich history, which shows how the concept of government creation and national guidelines has changed. There are plenty of people who know without knowing that important political parties can compete on sovereign symbols. However, a small pattern can be observed: in practice, the red color was initially used, which was a symbol of heroism, and blue and white were adopted later. Tricolor for all hours of the separate unity of Russian lands. True, during the Christian hours the main idea was the unity of all classes and the establishment of communism everywhere.
Is it still necessary to know the titles throughout history? In order for there to be an understanding of how important it is for the mother country to have its sovereign symbol, which represents the core values of the state and demonstrates the independence of Russia from other countries. The ensign is not just a cloth of different colors, it has its own powerful way of development, and it has an important meaning not only on the sovereign level, but for the people.
(English) Russian What is seen by the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Marine Fleet (French) Russian France to create such shades in the Panton color model:
The norms of colors of the State Ensign of the Russian Federation, which are applied to the state registration plates of transport services, are installed behind the sign (Addendum G to DSTU R 50577-93).
History of ensign of Russia
Hypotheses about the ensign of the ship "Eagle"
The different versions of the ensign can only be traced back to the time of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich, since in 1668 the first Russian military ship “Eagle” was built. In the summer of 1667, the commander of the ship, von, announced what would happen by submitting to the Tsar “A signature that is still needed for the ship’s life, in addition to what was purchased overseas,” in which he asked to be allowed to use kondyaki (fabric) for the preparation of ensigns , having clarified that “and by these means all the lords are like the Great Sovereign, only those on the ships of which powers are the ships, those powers are the ensign” (for other engines, the Dutch engineer David Butler; and also for other engines - O. Butler), what kind of keruv is in the everyday life of the ship, rushing to the Boyar Duma with lamentations “...ask His Royal Majesty for an order: as they say in other powers, to raise an ensign on the ship”).
Transferred view of the ensigns of the ship "Eagle":
Conraad Decker. View of the city of Astrakhan and the frigate "Eagle" with its flotilla. XVII century
On a possible basis - 1676 rocks of the white-blue-red ensign, having ordered the vexillologist P.I. in 1927. Bilavenets: “A long ensign, used at Narva, white-blue-red, with a golden double-headed eagle (about the preparation of such ensigns there is an inscription in the archives of the Zbroyovo Chamber, they fought for Oleksiy Mikhailovich for igor Tsarevich Pyotr Oleksiyovich ").
Ensign of the Tsar of Moscow
Prapori of the Moscow Kingdom
D. M. Posselt, describing in his work “Admiral of the Russian Fleet Franz Yakovich Lefort and the beginning of the Russian Fleet,” the voyage of Peter I on the White Sea in 1693, also:
I want... Petro and Mav on board his ship “Rizni Ensigns”, among which one, larger, was with the Russian coat of arms, and the other was from Jerusalem, with sewn crosses, and these ensigns were given to the archi at the same time from both sides Bishop of Arkhangelsk; but without a doubt, I needed them no more, and could not choose them for swimming in the open sea [1694]
And on the 10th of 1699, the Austrian ambassador Player at the sheet to the Emperor gave a transfer of the formation and ensigns carried on the ships of the Azov flotilla:
- On the first and largest yacht St. Peter, above the kerm the Great Ensign, on the Great Ensign and in other places three small ensigns of a white-red-blue color; 2 regiments of ensigns in a red and white color mixed with different colors, 12 copper colors.
- On another yacht S. Boris, 1 larger and 3 smaller prapori of the same colors, 10 chavun harmatas.
The trismued white-blue-red ensign, as well as the ensign from the red Jerusalem Cross, was worn on military ships until 1720, as a signal.
Military-Navy ensigns of Russia
The cream of the famous white-blue-red ensign in the powerful little one of Peter I has images and the tricolor ensign with the blue oblique St. Andrew's cross - this little one, dating back to 1699, is respected by Andr's first known images The Iivsky Cross on the ensign, which appeared after the dormant fate of the order Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter I created another ensign: the Keyser ensign or the Caesar ensign, as it is sometimes called in the Naval Statute of 1720. In the description of the main galliot under the command of captain Andriy Grot, killed on 8 June 1700 in Azov, it appears
The baby keiser ensign consists of two crosses: a straight white one on a red one - the symbol of St. George the Victorious, the historical patron of the Muscovite kingdom, and a blue oblique one - the symbol of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Obviously, Keyser-Ensign Peter I conceived it as the royal ensign symbol of the Empire. The first known stagnation was in 1710 as a member of the skin ship of the squadron, which was commanded by the tsar. After the appointment of the Nishtadt world as a sign of special merit, the Keyser Ensign was given gifts to Admiral General F. M. Apraksin and was raised by him as an ensign commander of the fleet in the Baku campaign of 1722. In 1722, the bow ensign of a single small keiser ensign was introduced for all ships of the Russian sailing fleet. Keyser-ensign similar to the little one and ideas with the ensign of Great Britain:
Trade ensign of Russia
The undated papers of Peter I, which were preserved in the “office right”, belong to S.I. Elagen until the creation of the Maritime Statute of 1720, the offensive description is:
In Article 6 of the Marine Statute approved by Peter I on 13 September 1720 it was said:
6. What a loom the Russian ships are. - Russian trading ships are dark colors of three colors: white, blue, red.
Article 1142 of the Naval Statute of the Russian Empire with a black and white baby ensign
In 1885, the white-blue-red ensign was confirmed by Emperor Alexander III as ensign of commercial courts:
The Russian Empire created a number of ensigns based on the Peter the Great tricolor. So, on the 28th of Wednesday (10th of April) 1806, Emperor Alexander I with a strong hand solidified the small ensign of the Russian-American company, which was a panel of three horizontal dark shades (white, blue and red, and inserted in width 2:1:1), with black a double-headed eagle on a white smoothie on the pole edge of the cloth, which trims a line with the inscription “Russian-American Company”.
P.I. Bilavenets described the expansion of two ensigns: the white-blue-red trade and the yellow imperial standard with a black double-headed eagle, indicating that about the government the national ensign “has not yet existed” [ if?]. Vin also means that, for example, for Alexander I in 1813, “white-blue-red ensigns were assigned to the activities of Paris, which everyone praised as national Russian powers.”
Ensigns of diplomatic representatives
Tsar's standard
At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter I also had a hand [ where?] having confirmed another ensign - a panel with a double-headed black eagle, which trims maritime maps with images of the White, Caspian and Azov seas. On May 1, 1703, the Russian troops took the Swedish fort of Nienschantz, which closed the entrance to the Finnish inlet, and on May 2, Peter I wrote: “Thank God for the rectification of our standard into the image of St. Andrew... That image gave the sea to the fourth.” The acquisition of part of the coast of the Baltic Sea was marked by the addition of the fourth naval map to the standard and already on the 8th of Spring 1703 on the new frigate, which dropped the name “Standard”, and raised the standard with the same maps.
The legend about the raising of the royal standard with an eagle on the frigate “Standart”, which holds cards in its paws and jaws, is not confirmed by dzherel. There has been a new movement of ensigns, with the “Standard” flying near the float, which is “white, blue and two chervony, all with crosses in the crosses,” as well as signal ensigns: white, blue, chervony, dark. And the first documentary evidence about this standard is in the “Kiev Table” of 1709.
The “cabinet rightists” have kept the lower descriptions of the standard, written by Peter’s voluptuous hand, without a term. Ymovirno, the whole was divided under the Marine Statute, dating back to 1720.
A standard, a black eagle on the yellow field, like the Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, looming three crowns: two royal and one Imperial, on whose chest there is St. George with a dragon. In both chapters and legs there are 4 sea maps: on the right head there is the White Sea, on the left there is Caspian Sea, on the right side there is Palace Meotis, on the left there is Sine Phenicus and the subtext of Sine Botnik and part of Ost-Zea.
In addition, the “inventory of Russian ensigns” of Peter I also contained a description of the admiralty ensign, which explains the meaning of Peter’s phrase about “correcting our standard in the image of St. Andrew”:
Admiralty ensign near the white field, 4 blue anchors, rank of St. Cross. Andria, are the first-hand descriptions of the 4 seas.
Ensign of the Russian Empire
The third sovereign ensign was created before the coronation of Alexander III in 1883. It was painted by the artist Belashev, instead of looking at the suture fabric in the color of old gold.
The fourth state ensign was prepared in 1896 before the coronation of Mikoli II. This one is made of golden fabric, not with painting, but with sewing
Armorial colors and national ensign of the Russian Empire
The coat of arms colors were first introduced in Russia during the reign of Anna Ioanivna. In the most confirmed Duma of the Senate on September 17, 1731, the white cockade was called the “Russian field badge,” and in the dragoon and infantry police scarves were punished to wear “according to the Russian coat of arms” with black stitching and gold, “like Pelyukhi to all mothers with golun and golden penzliks with with a black field and a white hair bow."
Symbolically-urban black-yellow-white ensigns on booths began to hang in Russia on Holy Day after the end of the Great Patriotic War, after 1815.
Its legislative design of the black-gold-silver coat of arms colors on ensigns, ensigns and objects for decoration was carried out during local ceremonies, as well as the method of reforming Russian territorial heraldry, adopted on the 11th of June 1858 with the initiative of B.V. Kene (acknowledged in the heart of 1857, after the creation of the sovereign ensign and the sovereign emblems of the empire, which are the coat of arms of the department of the city) Herald of the Ordinary Senate) decree of Emperor Oleksandrov II":
Image of the ensign for embellishment in the coat of arms of the Russian Empire in addition to the decree of Alexander II dated 11 June 1858
Description of a highly hardened little one of the embossing of the armorial crests of the Empire on ensigns, ensigns and other objects that are used for embellishment during local events. The coloring of these colors is horizontal, the top is black, the middle is yellow (or gold), and the bottom is white (or silver). The first smudges resemble the black sovereign eagle in the yellow field, and the cockade from these two quaints was founded by Emperor Paul I, at which time the ensigns and other embellishments from these quaints were adopted during the reign of the emperor actress Annie Ioanivny. The lower smudge is white or gray and resembles the cockades of Peter the Great and Empress Catherine II; Emperor Alexander I, after the capture of Paris in 1814, adopted the correct coat of arms cockade from the old one of Peter the Great, which resembles the white or silver top (St. George) in the Moscow coat of arms.
Similar were the armorial colors of the Habsburgs in the Austrian Empire and the armorial colors of the Hohenzollerns in the Kingdom of Prussia.
Particularly highly approved by the People for the negotiation of food about the Russian national ensign under the leadership of Admiral Posiet in 1896, the birth of the People took the place of the document to confirm the Decree of the 11th June 1858, requested from Mi Ministry of the Imperial Court and Ministry of Internal Affairs. Journal No. 3 of the Narada meeting of the 5th quarter of 1896 recorded:
Upon review of the report ... it became clear that the High Firm in 1858, the ensign of black-orange-white was issued for the verbal confirmation of the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General Count V. Adlerberg, without any reference to other ensigns.
Also, the black-gold-silver coat of arms colors were used by B. V. Kene during the creation of territorial coats of arms, for example, they formed the shield trim in the coat of arms of the Bessarabia province, confirmed in 1878.
The Nominal Decree, given to the Ordinary Senate on the 1st day of 1865, about the establishment of medals “For the consolidation of the Polish slaughter of 1863-1864 rubles” for special purposes. The colors of the stitches, black, orange and white, were called sovereign.
This allowed the presenters and subsequent descendants to note that “in 1858 there was a change in the Russian ensign” and the affirmation of “a small number of stamp tributes” became “the confirmation of the national citations of Russia ї”, and the story is based on “the sovereign ensign of Russia 1858-1883 rocks”. The Heraldry is pleased for the President of the Russian Federation also respects that this ensign carries the functions of a sovereign ensign.
Before the coronation of Alexander III on the 28th quarter of 1883, fate saw a high order issued by the Minister of Internal Affairs “”, which protects the vigor of foreign ensigns for decorating the future in the localities. kah:
In the localities, if it is possible to allow embellishment of the ensigns, including the Russian ensign, which consists of three dark colors: the top one is white, the middle one is blue and the bottom one is red; The engagement of foreign powers should only be allowed only for those occupying embassies and consulates of foreign powers, as well as for such incidents, if for the involvement of members of the reigning dynasties that come to the Empire, and for honorable people Representatives of foreign powers found it necessary to decorate their booths with the ensigns of their nationality.
What is the matter with the 1883 law on embellishment, including the white-blue-red ensign, then from the written All-Provided Evidence, which is in the possession of the authorities, it was seen that the Minister of Internal Affairs, State Secretary, Count Tolstoy representing two ensigns to the High Firmament: and white and blue - red, first - as national and the other - as trade and that the Sovereign Emperor, having created their remaining ensign, calling it, including Russian, would seem to have left the nutritional unity of our sovereign people's ensign.
Black-yellow-white ensigns continued to be victorious throughout the day, both during the coronation of Alexander III and then again. In 1885, the black-yellow-white flags rose as national ones during the reign of Alexander III and the Austrian Emperor Franz Josip in Kremzir on 13-14 Serp. In 1887, the royal family issued Decree from the Military Department No. 34 “Description of the National Ensign...”, which established black-hot ensigns.
There was a thought that revolved around the provisions about those that “no law, behind the authoritative high signatures of visions, cannot be touched by a decree “stunned”...; as if by appointment of the minister, to avenge the deafness of the Greatest order, concerning the law and the establishment, behind the authoritative High signatures of the visible, then the authorities are under the threat of goiters, without hesitation, to reveal about this to the Minister...", which was not announced by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Highlands8, Not founded at any time, legislative acts do not have legal force due to the validity of their original decree, given to the Ordinary Senate on the 1st day of 1865, which established the colors black, orange and white by the powers, as well as The greatest hardening of red colors is only for commercial courts.
The Prote Statute of the 1883 Order was introduced before Statute 129 of the Statute on the suppression and execution of evil acts of 1890, which allowed the Kharkov police to begin on the day of the Crowning of their Imperial Majesties on May 15, 1892. ati zanyatya z budinki. This is a little great suspense resonance.
A troubling discussion about the colors of the national ensign arose before the coronation of Mikoli II of the Special Highly Confirmed People under the head of Adjutant General K.N. Posiet to discuss the matter about the Russian national ensign. The decision of Narada was prepared by the anonymous brochure “The Approach of the Ensigns and Their Meanings” and the dispensation of the members of Naradi with the badge “Managed by the orders of the Head of the Special Highly Confirmed Narada”, the confession of the Head repeated the provisions these brochures. The Narada, in its decision on the 5th quarter of 1896, came to the conclusion that “the ensign of white, blue and red has the right to be called Russian and national and the colors of the same: white, blue and red are called sovereign; The ensign, black-orange-white, has neither heraldic nor historical insignia.” As arguments, contemplating, the following points were made:
Since for the significance of the folk traditions of Russia, going up to the national relish and folk symbols, to the peculiarities of the nature of Russia, then the same national colors are designated as the path for our heritage: white, blue, red ny.
Great Russian peasant walks religiously at chervonia or else blue Sorochtsi, Little Russian and Belarusian - white; Russian women dress up in sundresses chervoniі blue. In the minds of the Russian people, what is red is good and beautiful.
As far as the white color of the snow cover is concerned, which stretches across all of Russia, then, on the basis of these signs, for the emblematic expression of Russia, for the Russian people's or sovereign ensign, The more powerful are the colors established by the Great Peter.
29th quarter (11th January with the new style) 1896 for the confirmation of the Grand Duke Oleksiy Oleksandrovich, who was in charge of the naval department, Emperor Mikola II “allowed the white-blue-red ensign of the nation to be recognized in all forms alnym", the protest of the decision was not publicized by a stretch of two Rokiv. Apparently, until this day, on May 14, 1896, the coronation of Emperor Mikoli II took place in the absence of white-blue-red ensigns, drapery, etc. Participants in the coronation were given white-blue-red breaststripes, and honored guests were awarded commemorative medals with white-blue-red stripes. What, however, did not lure the public on the day of the coronation “to admire the majestic three-sage ensigns from the sovereign quests of the black-yellow-white union... on one of the closest streets of Kharkov.”
Most of the decision was implemented by the order of the issued ministerial orders: the order of the Military Department No. 102 of the Headquarters dated May 9, 1896 “About the adoption of the designated baby and the color of the Russian Nation ensign”, as well as the circular of the Head Quartermaster Department No. 88, which ensign “may prepare for replacement Before the preparation of black-orange-white, a national white-blue-red color was installed.”
The wondrous argument of the Special People under the head of K. N. Posyat also ruined the press’s continued discussions about the colors of the national ensign and on May 10, 1910, a new principle was called upon, confirmed under the Ministry of Justice especially to the public for food about the Russian powers, national colors under their heads . N. Verovkina, that it has come to a diet with a richer diet. Based on the heraldic principle of the subordination of colors of the sovereign ensign to the coat of arms, the majority of participants in Narada decided to recognize the Russian sovereign colors as black, yellow and white. The white-blue-red ensign was pronounced skasuvati (deprived of it for merchant ships in inland waters). Such a draft of Narada was presented for the sake of the ministers at the meeting on June 27, 1912. recognizing the need to “give this additional consideration from the point of view of practical usefulness and usefulness” and placing this “peace” on a special commission under the Maritime Ministry, representatives of which have always advocated recognition of the authority of commercial courts as national ones. This commission is under the leadership of the Minister of the Sea I. K. Grigorovich sat on the 25th of June 1912 and the 18th of June 1913. As a result, she came to the top, which was approved by the Special People's Assembly as “unmanipulable”. At the meeting for the Ministers on the 10th spring of 1914, all information about the transfer of ensigns to the Ministry of the Navy was decided, which led to the decision on the reform of the Russian national ensign. In 1913, the birth of Mikola II confirmed the decree of Alexander II about the sovereign colors of Russia: black, yellow and white.
Education of the RRFSR
The red flag without inscriptions and designation was the widest ensign of the USSR and the RRFSR until 1955, when the Regulations on the sovereign ensign of the RRFSR were approved, which does not provide for the replacement of the sovereign ensign of the RRFSR with a red flag without inscriptions and an image.
The resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Commission on the 1st quarter of 1937 approved a new image of the sovereign ensign of the RRFSR, commissioned by the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Commission by the artist A. M. Milkin. Upon the replacement of the ensign of the RRFSR with a large symbol, the new ensign has a border surrounded by gold lines, and the abbreviation of the name of the republic was set in a normal font, without dividing dots.
The description of the sovereign ensign of the RRFSR was confirmed by Article 181 of the new Constitution of the RRFSR, adopted in 1978. Adopted on 22 June 1981 by the Decree of the Supreme Presidency of the RRFSR, the Regulations on the Sovereign Ensign of the RRFSR have a small and diagram of the reverse side of the panel, a mirror, a sickle and a hammer, and an image.
Vykoristannya of the Russian tricolor after 1917 rock
The ensign of the SRSR and the ensign of the RRFSR since 1954 continued to be victorious at street demonstrations and rallies by representatives of the Russian communist movements and after the installation of the tricolor white-blue-red sovereign ensign in 1991 ci.
For example, on February 23, 1992, at a rally in honor of the Day of the Radian Army and the Navy-Navy Fleet, which gathered in the center of Moscow, according to the RIA Novosti agency, 10,000 people, whose participants served as the lieutenants of the USSR and the RRFSR. Also, the ensigns of the SRSR and the RRFSR, the ensigns of the coat of arms of the Romanov Budinka and the Andrievsky ensign were victorious by some henchmen of the Verkhovna Rada of Russia at the hour of the spring of 1993 near Moscow.
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projects of the State Ensign of the Russian Federation, approved by deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation faction, the Agrarian Deputy Group, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Narodovladya parliamentary group. Zliva - a variant of the foundations on the ensign of the USSR (officially introduced to the State Duma in 1994 and 1997); right-handed - an option, based on the right-hand position of the RRFSR (pronounced by the author of the bill as a possible alternative) |
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Article 1. The sovereign ensign of the Russian Federation has a straight cloth of red color. At the top left of the red cloth there is an image of a golden sickle and hammer. The ratio of the width of the ensign to the fifth birthday is 1:2.
So, for example, the head of Derzhdumi Gennady Seleznyov stated: “The authorities fought under the tricolor ensign - which is what the veterans are overwhelmed by on their number sheets.”
In 2006, a number of ensigns of the RRFSR fought anti-globalism at the stadium. Kirov at the St. Petersburg protest “Counter-Summit” against the G8 summit.
Ensign of the Russian Federation since 1991
Through the stormy days of the sickle, the resolution of the Supreme Council of the RRFSR was published on September 3, 1991, and on September 27, 1991, the central newspapers published the TARS report on September 25, which read:
Head of the Ministry of the RRFSR I. S. Silaev sent a telegram to the central and local authorities of the RRFSR, as well as to the mass media, which, strictly speaking, reads: Concerned with the decisions of the superordinate session of the Supreme Council of the RRF SR on September 21, 1991, the date of the President of the RRF, respected as the Sovereign Ensign of the RRFSR historical Russian ensign, which is a cloth of three equal-sized horizontally shaded dark colors: the top one is white, the middle one is blue, the bottom one is red. The ratio of the width of the ensign to the fifth birthday is 1:2.
The sovereign ensign of the RRFSR is a rectangular cloth with equal-sized horizontal dark colors: the top color is white, the middle is black, and the bottom is red. The ratio of the width of the ensign to the fifth birthday is 1:2.
Resolutions of the Supreme Council of the RRFSR dated September 22, 1991 No. 1627/1-1 and the Law of the RRFSR dated November 1, 1991 No. 1827-1, the description of the license certificates (white, black, red) was not confirmed According to Russian legislation. The ensigns were called white, blue and red. At the full meeting of the chambers of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on the 4th quarter of 1992, during a discussion about the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation I. V. Fedosiev stated that “behind the literary verses there is a description of the sovereign symbols of pre-revolutionary Russia. Therefore, from that “poetic” description of the State Ensign, which is today, we turned to the description that was in these normative acts.” And in the fall of 1992, the Committee of the Supreme Council for Culture submitted to the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation a bill to amend the description of the ensign: in Article 181 of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Federation - Russia 1978, the words “blank” "nogo" and "red" were to be replaced with "blue" » and “chervonogo” is obvious. The Supreme Council Commission on Culture argued the need to amend the Constitution because “the black and red colors of the Sovereign Ensign have never been victorious in Russia,” just like the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Empire has never been victorious didn't sleep. Prote the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation, which claimed Vinyatkov's right to change the Constitution, without accepting the bill. The draft Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Federation, the main provisions of which was praised by the VI Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Constitutional Commission, was to establish that “the State Ensign of the Russian Federation is straight line three more equal-sized horizontal darks: the top one is white, the middle one is blue color and bottom - red color. The ratio of the width of the ensign until the 1st birthday is 2:3”, in the same time as in the projects presented by the President of the Russian Federation (the draft of the 29th quarter of 1993, the draft of the Constitutional Council of the 12th quarter of 1993), which formed the basis of the official Constitution and described the symbol It was established by the federal constitution laws.
Standard of the President of the Russian Federation (since 1994)
Addendum to the Federal Constitutional Law dated 25 June 2000 No. 1-FKZ “On the State Ensign of the Russian Federation”
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin dated 15 February 1994 No. 319 “On the standard (ensign) of the President of the Russian Federation” a special ensign was introduced - the standard of the President of the Russian Federation. These colors repeat the mischief of the sovereign ensign of Russia; The difference lies in the correct width of the ensign until the end of the day - 1:1 - and in the image of the Sovereign coat of arms of the Russian Federation without a heraldic shield, spread out in the center of the standard. The original of the standard is one of the official symbols of the President of Russia. Its panel is trimmed with gold fringe, and a bracket with an engraved name is attached to the holder, the names of the father’s President of the Russian Federation and the dates of his stay in this planting. The holder of the standard itself is topped with metal tops that look like a copy.
The ensign of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as praised by the Minister of Defense on June 21, 1995, exactly repeats the small size of the Presidential Standard, but does not have fringes and has increased width to the fullest to the Sovereign Ensign of Russia - 2:3.
The description of the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation, which was established in 1993, was repeated without changes in Article 1 of the Federal Constitutional Law dated 25 June 2000, No. 1-FKZ “About the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation” ", having gained rank on the 27th anniversary of 2000.
Prapor Peremogi
Based on the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2007. N 68-FZ Prapor of Victory on the Day of Victory - May 9th, you can hang on alarms, climb on goldfinches, flagpoles, next to the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation.
Vikoristannya ensign of Russia
After the approval of the Federal Constitutional Law “On the State Ensign of the Russian Federation”, the ensign of Russia was strictly regulated until the beginning of its editions. Yogo could be vikorystuvati less:
- authorities of the Russian Federation;
- diplomatic and other official representations of Russia there;
- vessels included in up to one of the registers of Russian vessels, as well as military ships and vessels.
A special feature of this law was that the subjugation of the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation by private persons was allowed, for example, without giving military honors to the deceased and on other special occasions. The appeal of the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation for the violation of the provisions of the federal constitutional law of the rules was an administrative offense according to Article 17.10 “Illegal actions of the hundred-sovereign symbols of the Russian Federation tsії" (before changing the wording of the statute on November 8, 2008) and the burden of legal compliance.
The penalty for illegally vikoristan of the Russian Federation is assigned to the article of the Code of Administrative Offenses “Violation of the order of official vikoristan of sovereign symbols of the Russian Federation”, which transfers the penalty to a fine for residents (from three to five minimum wages) and for townspeople (from five to five ten minimum wages).
Responsibility for foreign ensign of Russia
Outside the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation is evil. On the other hand, it can be expressed by those in charge who have reached 16 years of life, highly active public affairs, which indicates the unimportance of being promoted to ensign, for example, among those who are impoverished, damaged, and cynical. Malyunkov and writings.
According to Article 329 of the Criminal Code of Russia “Violation of the Sovereign Emblem of the Russian Federation or the Sovereign Ensign of the Russian Federation”, it is punishable by deprivation of liberty for up to two lines, or arrest for up to two lines. from three to six months, or the release of freedom for up to one month. In practice, we will expand the mental punishment