The invisible part of the skin computer is life block (BP). It is as important as other parts of the computer. When buying a power supply unit, it will rarely run out of power, so a good power supply can provide life to several generations of systems. Doctors need to be very serious about everything before entering the life block, because the share of the computer directly lies in front of the life block.
The main purpose of the life block is -forming voltage life, the functioning of all PC units is necessary. The main voltages for the life of the components are:
- +12V
- +3.3V
There is also an additional voltage:
- −12V
For business galvanic isolation It is enough to prepare a transformer with the necessary windings. Ale for the life of the computer is required. tightness, especially for current PCs. For computer life I had a chance to build a transformer, which Mav would not be less great size ale duzhe richo important. However, as the frequency of the transformer increases, in order to create the same magnetic flux, fewer turns and fewer spans of the magnetic circuit are required. In life blocks based on the converter, the frequency of the transformer voltage is 1000 or more times higher. This allows you to create compact and lightweight living blocks.
The simplest pulse power supply
Let's take a look at the block diagram of a simple pulse life block What lies at the basis of all impulse blocks of life.
Block diagram of the pulse life block.
The first block is active transformation of the alternating voltage of the boundary on the station. Such recreate folds from the diode bridge, which straightens Voltage change, a capacitor that smoothes out the pulsations of the rectified voltage. Which also has additional elements: filters edge stress from the pulsation of the pulse generator and the thermistor for smoothing the hair strip at the moment of switching on. However, these items may be optional to save on costs.
Offensive block – pulse generator which generates pulses at a high frequency to power the primary winding of the transformer. The frequency of generating pulses of different life blocks varies between 30 – 200 kHz. The transformer performs the main functions of the life block: galvanic isolation and voltage reduction to the required values.
The alternating voltage that is removed from the transformer is converted to a constant voltage by the advancing block. The block consists of diodes that straighten the voltage and filter by pulsation. This block has a highly folded pulsation filter, lower than the first block and consists of a group of capacitors and a choke. To save money, generators can install low-capacity capacitors, as well as inductors with low inductance.
First impulse block life buv two-stroke or single-stroke reversal. Push-pull means that the generation process consists of two parts. In this type of switch, two transistors open and close. Apparently, in a single-cycle switch, one transistor opens and closes. Push-pull and single-stroke circuits are presented below.
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Let's take a look at the elements of the report diagram:
X2 - we will open the life of the schemes.
X1 - the output voltage is determined from which one.
R1 is a support that sets the initial small displacements on the keys. It is necessary to have a more stable start to the transformation process.
R2 is a support that intersects the base line on the transistors, which is necessary to protect the transistors from burning out.
TP1 - The transformer has three groups of windings. The first output winding forms the output voltage. The other winding is suitable for transistors. The third forms the voltage for transistors.
At the initial moment of switching on the first circuit, the transistor is slightly switched on, so a positive voltage is applied to the base through resistor R1. A current flows through the closed transistor, which also flows through the second winding of the transformer. The flow that flows through the winding creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field creates voltage in other windings of the transformer. As a result of winding III, a positive voltage is created, which increases the transistor's voltage even more. The process continues until the transistor is in power mode. The saturation mode is characterized by the fact that with an increase in the applied ceramic stream to the transistor, the output stream becomes permanent.
Since the voltage in the windings is generated only when the magnetic field changes, it increases or decreases, the presence of an increase in the flow at the output of the transistor, which will then lead to a decrease in EPC in windings II and III. The loss of voltage in winding III will lead to a change in the voltage stage of the transistor. And the output stream of the transistor will change, and then the magnetic field will change. A change in the magnetic field will lead to an increase in the tension of the opposite polarity. The negative voltage in winding III further closes the transistor. The process of trivatime doti, until the magnetic field is completely unknown. If the magnetic field is gone, the negative voltage in the winding will also be gone. The process will be repeated again and again.
A push-pull switch operates on the same principle, except that there are two transistors, and they open and close. So if one is open, the other is closed. The push-pull switch circuit is of great advantage, since it vikors the entire hysteresis loop of the magnetic conductor of the transformer. The use of one section of the hysteresis loop or magnetization of the whole in one direction will lead to a lot of unnecessary effects, which will reduce the CCD of the converter and spoil its characteristics. Therefore, it is mainly due to the push-pull circuit of the switch with the phase transformer. In circuits that require simplicity, small dimensions, and low complexity, a single-cycle circuit is still used.
Life blocks for the ATX form factor without correction of the tension factor
Transforming, looking at things, even if the devices are completed, but in practice it is not easy to change them. The frequency of transformation, the output voltage and a lot of other parameters “float”, change depending on the change: the life voltage, the intensity of the output and the temperature. If you can control the keys with a controller, which can achieve stabilization and variation additional functions, you can create a diagram for building extensions. The scheme of the life block from the PWM controller is simple, i.e., the generator, and the pulse generator generated on the PWM controller.
PWM - pulse width modulation. This allows you to adjust the amplitude of the signal from the previous low-pass filter (filter low frequencies) With the change of trivality or sparsity of the impulse. The main advantages of PWM are the high value of the KKD of increased effort and the great possibility of stagnation.
This circuit of the life block has little complexity and as a switch, a field-effect transistor is used, which makes it possible to simplify the circuit and obtain the additional elements necessary for controlling the transistor switches. U high-pressure living blocks PWM controller The operator element (“Driver”) uses the output key. IGBT transistors are used as output switches in high-pressure life blocks.
The merezheva voltage in this circuit is transformed into a constant voltage and goes through the switch to the first winding of the transformer. Another winding is used for the life of microcircuits and the formation of voltage the call of the bell. The PWM controller generates pulses at a frequency specified by the RC lance connected to leg 4. The pulses are supplied to the input of the switch, which amplify them. The intensity of the pulses varies depending on the tension of the legs 2.
Let's take a look at the real diagram of the ATX life block. It contains a lot more elements and there are additional additional devices in it. With red squares, the life block diagram is cleverly divided into main parts.
Scheme of the ATX power supply unit 150-300 W
To liven up the controller microcircuits, as well as form the +5 voltage, which is tested by the computer, if there is a fault, the circuit has another converter. In the diagram, the values are shown as block 2. As can be seen, they follow the single-cycle reversal circuit. Another block has additional elements. The main purpose of the filter is to eliminate voltage surges generated by the transformer. Microcircuit 7805 – voltage stabilizer forms a +5V voltage from the rectified voltage of the generator.
Most often, unclear or defective components are installed in the power supply unit, which reduces the frequency of the converter to the audio range. As a result, there is a slight squeak from the life block.
The fragments of the life block live as a result of change voltage 220V, and the rework will require food steady tension, the voltage needs to be changed. The first block is responsible for rectifying and filtering the alternating edge voltage. This block also has a filter for the code that is generated by the life block itself.
The third block is a PWM controller TL494. It performs all the main functions of the life block. Secures the life block from short blinks, stabilizes the output voltages and forms a PWM signal to control transistor switches that are connected to the transformer.
The fourth block consists of two transformers and two groups of transistor switches. The first transformer forms the voltage for the output transistors. The TL494 PWM controller generates a weak voltage signal, the first group of transistors amplifies this signal and transmits it to the first transformer. Another group of transistors, or output ones, are connected to the main transformer, which forms the main life voltage. So much more folding diagram The control of the output switches is implemented through the foldability of the control of bipolar transistors and the protection of the PWM controller from high voltage.
The fifth block consists of Schottky diodes, which rectify the output voltage of the transformer and low-pass filter (LPF). The low-pass filter consists of electrolytic capacitors of significant capacity and chokes. There are resistors at the output of the low-pass filter to control it. These resistors are necessary so that after the capacitance of the life block is turned off, they are not deprived of charging. Also, resistors are placed at the output of the voltage rectifier.
Determine the elements that are not circled in the blotter, form " service signals" These lanyards work to protect the life block from a short circuit and control the integrity of the output voltage.
Now let's marvel at how other payment power supply unit 200 W Rotated elements. The baby is shown:
Capacitors that filter the output voltage.
Place unsoldered output voltage filter capacitors.
Inductance coils that filter the output voltage. The larger cat plays the role of not only a filter, but also acts as a ferromagnetic stabilizer. This allows you to slightly reduce voltage distortion in case of uneven voltage of different output voltages.
WT7520 PWM stabilizer chip.
The radiator is equipped with a Schottky diode for a voltage of +3.3V and +5V, and for a voltage of +12V there are primary diodes. Often, especially in old living blocks, on which radiator additional elements are placed. The voltage stabilization elements are +5V and +3.3V. In current life blocks, only Schottky diodes for all main voltages or field-effect transistors, which are used as a rectifying element, are located on the radiator.
The main transformer, which involves the formation of all voltages, as well as galvanic isolation from the circuit.
A transformer that forms conductive voltages for the output transistors of the generator.
The transformer transforms, which forms a voltage of +5V.
The radiator on which the output transistors are placed, as well as the transformer transistor, forms the voltage.
Voltage filter capacitors. They are not obligatory but there are two. To form a bipolar voltage and create a midpoint, install two capacitors of equal capacity. They are divided into a straightened, moderate voltage, thereby forming two voltages of different polarities, connected at the opposite point. Circuits with unipolar circuits have one capacitor.
Filter elements measure harmonics (transformation) that are generated by the life block.
The diode of the diode bridge, which helps to rectify the alternating voltage of the junction.
Life block 350 W vlashtovaniya equivalent. This results in a larger board, larger radiators and a larger transformer.
Output voltage filter capacitors.
A radiator that cools the LED and straightens the output voltage.
PWM controller AT2005 (analogous to WT7520), which provides voltage stabilization.
The main transformer is redesigned.
A transformer that forms the voltage for the output transistors.
The transformer converts the worm voltage.
A radiator that cools the output transistors of the converters.
The voltage filter is transferred to the life block.
Dіody dіodnogo bridge.
Voltage filter capacitors.
The examined scheme has been stuck in the living blocks for a long time and is now becoming more complex.
Life blocks in ATX format with correction of the tension coefficient
In the above-mentioned circuits, a capacitor serves as the main circuit, which is connected to the circuit through the same place. The charge of the capacitor is only generated in this case because the voltage is less than the current. As a result, the flow has an impulsive character, which leaves no traces.
Let's rework these shortcomings:
- streams bring in other harmonics (perturbations);
- the amplitude of the stream of expression is great;
- the reactive warehouse flow is significant;
- the moderate tension does not vary over the course of this period;
- The CCD of such schemes is not significant.
New living blocks The current scheme has been refined; another additional block has appeared - tension coefficient corrector (KKM). This results in an increase in the tension coefficient. Or more simply, I clean up the short parts of the bridge voltage rectifier.
S = P + jQ
Full Pull Formula
The tension coefficient (KM) characterizes how much tension is active storage and how much is reactive. In principle, one can say, but always protect against reactive tension, it is obvious and not bad.
Let’s say we have a device, a life block, with a tension factor of 0.7 and a tension factor of 300 W. It can be seen from the breakdown that our life block has increased tension (the amount of reactive and active tension) more, less assigned to the new one. And this pressure may be due to the 220V supply. Although this tension does not bear any pain (like the electrician does not fix it), it still wakes up.
Then the internal elements and intermediate parts may be rated at 430 W, not 300 W. And to detect a defect if the coefficient of tension is less than 0.1... Through this GORSETY, victorious devices with a coefficient of tension of less than 0.6 are protected, and if such cases are detected, a fine is imposed on the owner.
Apparently, the campaigns were developing new schemes of living blocks, such as small cash registers. Initially, as a PFC is subject to inclusions at the input of a high-inductance choke, such a living block is called a living block with a PFC or a passive PFC. A similar block of life may support the movements of the KM. To achieve the required CM, it is necessary to equip the life blocks with a large choke, since the input support to the life block is ambiguous in nature through the installation of capacitors at the output of the rectifier. Installing a throttle significantly increases the weight of the life block, and moves the KM to 0.85, which is not so rich.
To the smallest representations of the company's living block FSP power 400 W with passive correction of the tension coefficient. You should include the following elements:
- Output voltage ripple filter capacitors.
Rectified voltage filter capacitors.
Throttle, which effectively corrects the tension coefficient.
Transformer of the head transformer.
Transformer that controls the keys.
Transformer of auxiliary converter (worm voltage).
Filter the voltage from the pulsation of the life block.
A radiator on which output transistor switches are installed.
A radiator on which a diode is installed that rectifies the alternating voltage of the head transformer.
The board is made of high-quality fan wrapping.
The board is equipped with a PWM controller FSP3528 (analogous to KA3511).
Group stabilization throttle and output voltage pulsation filter elements.
Due to the low efficiency of passive CCM, the life block was introduced new scheme The KKM is based on a PWM stabilizer attached to the throttle. This scheme will bring countless benefits to the life block:
- expanding the range of operating voltages;
- it became possible to significantly change the capacitance of the voltage edge filter capacitor;
- significant advances of the CM;
- changes to the block of life;
- increase in CCD for the life block.
And the shortcomings of this scheme are Reduced reliability of power supply that incorrect work with actions jerelami uninterrupted food I when the battery/water modes are switched. The operation of this circuit with the DBZh vyklikan is incorrect because the voltage filter capacity in the circuit has significantly decreased. At the moment when the voltage disappears for a short time, the flow of the KKM strongly increases, which is necessary to support the voltage at the output of the KKM, resulting in proper protection from short circuit (short circuit) in the DBZ.
If you look at the diagram, it is a pulse generator, which is similar to the throttle. The merezheva voltage is rectified by one bridge and supplied to the key, driven by throttle L1 and transformer T1. Transformer inputs for the gate controller's connection with the key. The voltage from the throttle is taken from the auxiliary diodes D1 and D2. Moreover, the voltage is taken through additional diodes, either from the diode bridge or from the inductor, and charges the capacitors Cs1 and Cs2. Key Q1 opens and the required amount of energy accumulates in throttle L1. The amount of accumulated energy is regulated by the strength of the open key. The more energy accumulated, the greater the voltage applied to the throttle. After the key is turned off, the accumulated energy is supplied to the L1 throttle through the capacitor diode D1.
This type of operation allows you to apply the entire sinusoid of the alternating voltage to the substitution of circuits without a PFC, as well as stabilize the voltage so that it can be recreated.
Current life block schemes often stagnate dual-channel PWM controllers. One microcircuit operates both the converter and the cash register. As a result, the number of elements in the life block circuit is significantly reduced.
Let's take a look at the diagram simple block living on 12V with the help of a dual-channel PWM controller ML4819. One part of the life block is molded permanently stabilized voltage+380V. The other part is a converter that forms a permanently stabilized voltage of +12V. The KKM is assembled, as seen above, with the key Q1 attached to the new throttle L1 of the transformer T1 of the gate coupling. Diodes D5, D6 charge capacitors C2, °C3, °C4. The transformation consists of two keys Q2 and Q3, attached to transformer T3. The pulse voltage is rectified by coil D13 and filtered by reactor L2 and capacitors C16, °C18. Behind the additional cartridge U2, the output voltage control voltage is formed.
Let's take a look at the design of the life block, which includes an active cash register:
- Stream guard control board;
- A throttle that plays both the role of a filter for voltages of +12V and +5V, as well as the function of group stabilization;
- Voltage filter throttle +3.3V;
- A radiator on which the direct output voltage is placed;
- head transformer;
- A transformer that controls the keys of the head switch;
- An auxiliary transformer transformer (which forms the worm's voltage);
- Tension factor correction controller board;
- A radiator that cools the area and the keys of the main switch;
- Filter voltage from overflow;
- Tension coefficient corrector throttle;
- Voltage filter capacitor.
Design features and types of roses
Let's take a look types of roses who can be present in the life block. At the rear of the living block there is a socket for connection edge cable ta vimicach. Previously, next to the harness cord connector, there was also a connector for connecting the monitor cable. Optionally there may be other elements:
- voltage indicators, or I will become robotic to the living unit
- Buttons for robotic fan mode
- button for switching input voltage 110 / 220V
- USB ports are built into the unit USB life hub
- otherwise.
At the rear station, fans are increasingly placed to draw from the ventilation unit. All fan bowls should be placed at the top of the living unit through a larger space for installing the fan, which allows the installation of a large and quiet active refrigeration element. On each living block, two fans are installed, one at the top and one at the back.
Exit from the front walls Wire from motherboard connector. In some living units, modular, vines, like other devices, are connected via a socket. Below is ordered for the little one.
You can note that skin tension changes its color:
- Yellow color - +12 V
- Red color - +5 V
- Orange color - +3.3V
- Black color - dark or earth
For other voltages, the color of the wires at the skin connector may be changed.
The baby doesn't show any video card aftermarket plugs, the smell is similar to the processor's aftermarket plug. There are also other types of connectors that are found in computers manufactured by DelL, Apple, and others.
Electrical parameters and characteristics of living units
The life block has no electrical parameters, most of which are not in the passport. On the side sticker of the life block, a few basic parameters are indicated - operating voltage and tension.
Pressure on the life block
Tension is often indicated on the label in large font. The strength of the life block characterizes how much wine can be given electrical energy I will adjust what connects to the new one ( motherboard, video card, hard drive ta in.).
As an idea, it is enough to consider the components that need to be used, and select a living unit with a higher capacity for the reserve. For sweating and sweating fully comply with the recommendations given at the passport of the video card like this, the thermal package of the processor, etc.
But in reality, everything is much more complex, because the life block has different voltages - 12V, 5V, −12V, 3.3V, etc. The skin line of tension is protected by its tension. It would be logical to think that this pressure is fixed, and this sum is equal to the pressure of the life block. There is also one transformer in the living area to generate all the voltages that are input by the computer (including the main voltage +5V). True, it’s rare, but it’s still possible to find a power supply unit with two separate transformers, but they also live on roads and are most often used in servers. The primary ATX power supply contains one transformer. Due to the tightness of the skin line, tension can float: it increases, if other lines are weakly stressed, and changes, if other lines are strongly stressed. Therefore, the maximum tension of the skin line is often written on the life blocks, and as a result, as they suggest, the tightness is greater, the less effective the tension of the life block. In this manner, the virobnik can confuse the fellow, for example, by declaring a great nominal effort, since the power supply cannot be secured.
It is important what is installed in the computer life block of insufficient effort, then this is not correct for the robot devices ( “stuck”, restarted, clattering of heads hard drive ), to the point of being impossible Upgrading your computer. And if a motherboard is installed in the PC, but it is not insured for the wear and tear of the components installed on it, then most often the motherboard functions normally, but then the power connections burn out due to their constant heating I mean oxidation.
Standards and certificates
Buying power supplies, first of all you need to pay attention to the availability of certificates and their compliance with current international standards. On living blocks you can most often insert the latest standards:
- CCC - certificate of China for safety standards, electromagnetic parameters and protection of excess fluid
RoHS, WEEE – do not take revenge on bad speeches
UL, cUL – certificate of conformity technical characteristics, as well as to ensure safety for new electrical devices
CE is a certificate that shows that the life unit complies with all the requirements of the European Committee Directives.
ISO – international certificate of quality
CB - international certificate of conformity with its technical characteristics
FCC - compliance with electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) regulations generated by the life unit
TUV - certificate of conformity to the international standard EP ISO 9001:2000
The same applies to computer standards of the ATX form factor, depending on the size, design and a variety of other parameters of the living unit, including acceptable voltage reduction during operation. Today's main version of the ATX standard:
- ATX 1.3 Standard
- ATX 2.0 Standard
- ATX 2.2 Standard
- ATX 2.3 Standard
The continuity of versions of ATX standards requires the introduction of new connectors and new ones that are possible before the line of life of the life block.
Recommendations for choosing a life block
When he blames the need to purchase a new housing block ATX, then it is necessary to pay attention to the pressure that is necessary for the life of the computer, which this power supply will be installed. For this purpose, it is enough to consider the strength of the components that are calculated in the system, for example, by calculating with a special calculator. If there is no such possibility, then we can go beyond the rule that for an average computer with one gaming video card, the entire power supply unit is 500-600 W.
Doctors, since most parameters of life blocks can be determined without protesting, it is recommended at the next stage to become familiar with the tests and examinations of possible candidates - living block models, which are available in your region and I will satisfy your drinks as a minimum according to the requirement that will be ensured. Since there is no such possibility, it is necessary to choose a living block that is consistent with current standards (lower to a larger number, this is more beautiful), with which the presence of ACFC circuits (APFC) is important. When buying a food unit, it is also important to turn it on, if possible, right at the point of purchase or immediately after arriving home, and run it as usual, so that there are no squeaks, buzzing, or other extraneous noise from the life unit.
By the way, it is necessary to choose a block of life that is hard, clear, with good statements and real electrical parameters, and also appear to be manual in operation and quiet during operation, with a high level of emphasis on the new one. And every time, when purchasing a product, it’s not easy to save a couple of dollars. Remember that my main priority is to ensure the stability, reliability and durability of every computer.
Utilities and evidence.
- Adviser in .chm format. Author this file– Kucheryavenko Pavlo Andriyovich. Most of the output documents were taken from the site pinouts.ru - short descriptions and analysis of over 1000 connectors, cables, adapters. Descriptions of buses, slots, interfaces. Not just computer equipment, but also smartphones, GPS receivers, audio, photo and video equipment, Game consoles the same technology.The program is designed to determine the capacitor capacity for color markings (12 types of capacitors).
Database of transistors in Access format.
Living blocks.
Table of contacts for a 24-pin connector power supply unit according to the ATX standard (ATX12V) with ratings and color markings of wires
| Comte | Designation | Color | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 2 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 3 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 4 | 5V | red gold | +5 VDC | |
| 5 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 6 | 5V | red gold | +5 VDC | |
| 7 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 8 | PWR_OK | Syria | Power Ok - All voltage is within normal limits. This signal is generated when the power supply is turned on and is used to reset the system board. | |
| 9 | 5VSB | Violet | +5 VDC Chergova voltage | |
| 10 | 12V | Zhovtiy | +12 VDC | |
| 11 | 12V | Zhovtiy | +12 VDC | |
| 12 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 13 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 14 | -12V | Blue | -12 VDC | |
| 15 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 16 | /PS_ON | Zeleny | Power Supply On. To strengthen the life block, it is necessary to short-circuit this contact to ground (with a black-colored wire). | |
| 17 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 18 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 19 | COM | Chorny | Earth | |
| 20 | -5V | Bily | -5 VDC (this voltage is rarely used, mainly for reviving old expansion boards.) | |
| 21 | +5V | red gold | +5 VDC | |
| 22 | +5V | red gold | +5 VDC | |
| 23 | +5V | red gold | +5 VDC | |
| 24 | COM | Chorny | Earth |
Scheme of the ATX-300P4-PFC (ATX-310T 2.03) life block.
Scheme of the ATX-P6 life block
Scheme of the life block API4PC01-000 400w Acbel Politech Ink.
Life block diagram Alim ATX 250Watt SMEV J.M. 2002.
Typical diagram of a 300W life block with icons about functional purpose several parts of the circuit.
A typical circuit diagram for a 450W power supply unit through the implementation of active power factor correction (PFC) in modern computers.
API3PCD2-Y01 450w power supply unit diagram ACBEL ELECTRONIC (DONGGUAN) CO. LTD.
Schemes of life blocks ATX 250 SG6105, IW-P300A2, and 2 schemes of an invisible movement.
NUITEK (COLORS iT) 330U (SG6105) power supply circuit.
NUITEK (COLORS iT) 330U power supply circuit based on SG6105 microcircuits.
NUITEK (COLORS iT) 350U SCH power supply circuit.
NUITEK (COLORS iT) 350T power supply circuit.
NUITEK (COLORS iT) 400U power supply circuit.
NUITEK (COLORS iT) 500T power supply circuit.
PSU circuit NUITEK (COLORS iT) ATX12V-13 600T (COLORS-IT - 600T - PSU, 720W, SILENT, ATX)
PSU diagram CHIEFTEC TECHNOLOGY GPA500S 500W GPAxY-ZZ SERIES.
Codegen 250w mod power supply circuit. 200XA1 mod. 250XA1.
Gearbox diagram Codegen 300w mod. 300X.
PSU circuit diagram CWT Model PUH400W.
BT circuit Delta Electronics Inc. model DPS-200-59 H REV:00.
BT circuit Delta Electronics Inc. model DPS-260-2A
PSU diagram DTK Computer model PTP-2007 (won – MACRON Power Co. model ATX 9912)
DTK PTP-2038 200W power supply circuit.
EC model 200X power supply diagram.
CP scheme FSP Group Inc. model FSP145-60SP.
Scheme of the dzherela food supply unit FSP Group Inc. Model ATX-300GTF.
Dzherela food supply diagram FSP Group Inc. model FSP Epsilon FX 600 GLN.
Green Tech power supply diagram. Model MAV-300W-P4.
Schemes of the HIPER HPU-4K580 life block. In the archive there is a file in SPL format (for sPlan programs) and 3 files in GIF format - simplified circuit principles: Power Factor Corrector, PWM and power lancer, autogenerator. If you don’t have time to look at the .spl files, check out the circuits that look like little ones in the .gif format - they stink, however.
Schemes for the INWIN IW-P300A2-0 R1.2 life block.
Scheme of the INWIN IW-P300A3-1 Powerman life block.
The greatest increase in the number of faults in Inwin life blocks, the circuits of which are induced - comes from the order of the circuits for forming the worm voltage +5VSB (balls). As a rule, it is necessary to replace the electrolytic capacitor C34 10uF x 50V and the zener diode D14 (6-6.3 V). In the worst case, R54, R9, R37, U3 microcircuit (SG6105 or IW1688 (new analogue of SG6105)) are added to faulty elements. For experiment, try installing C34 with a capacity of 22-47 uF - perhaps this It is reliable for drawing robots.
Scheme of the Powerman IP-P550DJ2-0 life block (IP-DJ board Rev: 1.51). The circuit for forming the main voltage, which is in the document, is used in many other models of Power Man life blocks (for many life blocks with a voltage of 350W and 550W capacity only in the ratings of the elements).
JNC Computer Co. LTD LC-B250ATX
JNC Computer Co. LTD. Scheme of the SY-300ATX life block
Imovirno, published by JNC Computer Co. LTD. Life block SY-300ATX. The diagram is painted by hand, comments and recommendations are thoroughly detailed.
Schematic diagram of the Key Mouse Electronics Co Ltd model PM-230W
Schemes for the life block L&C Technology Co. model LC-A250ATX
Circuits for the LWT2005 life block on the KA7500B and LM339N microcircuits
M-tech KOB AP4450XA power supply circuit.
Microcircuit diagram MACRON Power Co. model ATX 9912 (won – DTK Computer model PTP-2007)
Maxpower PX-300W power supply circuit
PSU diagram Maxpower PC ATX SMPS PX-230W ver.2.03
Diagram of the PowerLink life block model LP-J2-18 300W.
Diagram of the Power Master life block model LP-8 ver 2.03 230W (AP-5-E v1.1).
Diagram of the Power Master life block model FA-5-2 ver 3.2 250W.
Microlab 350W power supply circuit
Microlab 400W power supply circuit
Powerlink LPJ2-18 300W power supply circuit
Diagram HP Power Efficiency Electronic Co LTD model PE-050187
Rolsen ATX-230 power supply circuit
SevenTeam ST-200HRK power supply diagram
PSU circuit SevenTeam ST-230WHF 230Watt
SevenTeam ATX2 V2 power supply circuit
Refill frequently during repairs or reprocessing computer block ATX life charger Or in the laboratory, a diagram of this block is needed. Doctors who have no models of such devices, we decided to collect in one place a collection of this topic.
Here you will find typical circuit diagrams of power supply units for computers, both current ATX types and also older ATs. It is understood that every day new and current options appear, so we will try to promptly update the collection of schemes with new options. Before speaking, you can help us with this.
Collection important schemes on BP ATX and AT
ATX 310T, ATX-300P4-PFC, ATX-P6; Octek X25D AP-3-1 250W; Sunny ATX-230;
BESTEC ATX-300-12ES on UC3842, 3510 and A6351 microcircuits; BESTEC ATX-400W(PFC) on ICE1PCS01, UC3842, 6848, 3510, LM358 chips
Chieftec circuit diagram of the computer unit CFT-500A-12S, CFT-560A-12S, CFT-620A-12S (CM6800G, PS222S, SG6858 or SG6848); APS-1000C, TNY278PN, CM6800TX; Chieftec 850W CFT-850G-DF; 350W GPS-350EB-101A; 350W GPS-350FB-101A; 500W GPS-500AB-A; 550W GPS-550AB-A; 650W GPS-650AB-A and Chieftec 650W CFT-650A-12B; 1000W CFT-1000G-DF and Chieftec 1200W CFT-1200G-DF; CFT-600-14CS, CFT-650-14CS, CFT-700-14CS, CFT-750-14CS on LD7550B
Chip Goal 250W, (with CG8010DX)
Codegen QORI 200xa at 350W on SG6105 chip
Colors-It circuit diagram of the computer unit 300W 300U-FNM (sg6105 and sg6848); 330W - 330U PWM SG6105 cherguvannya on TDA865; 330U IW-P300A2-0 R1.2 sg6105; 330U PWM SG6105 and Cherguvannya M605; 340W - 340U PWM SG6105; 350U-SCE- KA339, M605, 3842; 350-FCHШІМ 3842, LM339 and M605; 340U SG6105 and 5H0165R; 400U SG6105 and 5H0165R; 400PT, 400U SCH 3842, LM339 and M605; 500T SG6105 and 5H0165R; 600PT(ATX12V-13), WT7525, 3B0365
ComStars 400W KT-400EX-12A1 on UC3543A circuit
CWT PUH400W
Delta Electronics circuit diagram of the computer unit DPS-210EP, DPS-260-2A 260W for micro-folding NE556, PQ05RF11, ML4824-1, LM358, LM339D, PQ30R21; DPS-470 AB A 500W, APFC and PWM DNA1005A or DNA1005;
DELUX ATX-350W P4 on AZ7500BP and LP7510 circuit
FSP Epsilon 600W FX600-GLN drawing circuit, assembled on IMC FSDM0265R; FSP145-60SP KA3511, Cherguvannya KA1N0165R; FSP250-50PLA APFC on CM6800, field transistors STP12NM50, TOP243Y, control PS223; FSP ATX-350PNR DM311 and main PWM FSP3528; FSP ATX-300PAF that ATX-350 on DA311; 350W FSP350-60THA-Pі 460W FX500-A FSP3529Z (similar to SG6105; ATX-400 400W, DM311; ATX-400PNF,; OPS550-80GLN APFC on field-effect transistors 20N60C3, cherguvannya on DM311; OPS550-80GLN APFC+PWM control module on CM6800G; Epsilon 600W FX600-GLN(scheme); ATX-300GTF for field truck 02N60
Green Tech circuit diagram of a 300W computer unit, model MAV-300W-P4, based on TL494CN and WT7510 microcircuits
Hiper HPU-4S425-PU 425W APFC, based on CM6805, VIPer22A, LM393, PS229 chips
iMAC G5 A1058, APFC on 4863G, power supply on TOP245YN, main power supply on 3845B
J.N.C. 250W lc-b250 atx
Krauler ATX-450 450W (with TL3845, LD7660, WT7510)
LWT 2005 on LM339N chip
M-Tech 450W KOB-AP4450XA micro-assembly SG6105Z
Maxpower PX-300W chip SG6105D
Microlab circuit diagram of the computer block 420W, on WT7510, PWM TL3842 Cherguvannya - 5H0165R; M-ATX-420W based on UC3842, supervisor 3510 and LM393
PowerLink 300W LPJ2-18 on micro-assembled LPG-899
PowerMan IP-P550DJ2-0, 350W IP-P350AJ, 350W IP-P350AJ2-0 ver.2.2 on supervisor W7510, 450W IP-S450T7-0, 450W IP-S450T7-0 rev:1.3 (384
Power Master 230W model LP-8, 250W FA-5-2, 250W AP-3-1, PM30006-02 ATX 300W
Power Mini P4, model PM-300W. Main microassembly SG6105
There are two power supply units for 230 and 250 W, based on the very popular TL494 microcircuit. The video repair instructions tell you how to fix malfunctions and safety precautions when repairing any pulsed living units, including computers.
SevenTeam ST-200HRK (IMC: LM339, UTC51494, UC3843AN)
ShenShon circuit diagram of the computer unit for 400W model SZ-400L and 450W model SZ450L, drawing on C3150, AT2005; 350w on AT2005, or WT7520 or LPG899
Sparkman SM-400W on KA3842A, WT7510 circuit
SPS: SPS-1804-2(M1) and SPS-1804E
The personal computer life block is used for electrical supply of all components and accessories system unit. A standard ATX power supply unit must ensure the following voltages: +5, -5; +12, -12; +3.3; In fact, any standard living unit has a strong fan located at the bottom. On the rear panel there is a socket for connecting the edge cable and a button for connecting the living unit, but on cheap Chinese modifications this may not be possible. From the opposite side there are a large number of wires with connectors for connecting the motherboard and components of the system unit. Installing the life block into the housing is simple. Installing the computer unit into the system unit case For which you put it in upper part system unit, and then fix the three or more screws to the back panel of the system unit. The design of the system body, in which the life block is located in the lower part. I mean, I hope you understand
Breakdowns of computer units are not at all uncommon. The causes of malfunctions may be: Wikidy voltages in the limits zminnogo struma; Low yield of preparation, especially the cost of cheap Chinese life blocks; circuit design solutions are nearby; vicorization of low-acid components during preparation; Overheating of radio components through obstruction of the life unit or fan link.
Most often, if the computer unit breaks down, the system unit shows daily signs of life, do not burn LED indication, no sound signals, no fans spinning. In other cases, the fault is not triggered by the motherboard. When the fans spin, the indicator lights up, the hard drive shows signs of life, but there is nothing on the monitor, just a dark screen.
Problems and defects can be completely different - from constant failure to constant or temporary failures. As soon as you begin the repair, check that all contacts and radio components are visually in order, the power cords are not damaged, the connection and reference data are correct, and there are no short circuits to ground. It’s clear that the life blocks of daily equipment want and need sacred principles Robots, other than circuit design, vary greatly. Try to find the circuit diagram on your computer to speed up the repair.
The heart of any computer power supply circuit, ATX format, is a napivmostovy redesign. This robot's operating principle is based on a fixed push-pull mode. Stabilization of the output parameters of the device is carried out with the help of heating signals.
In pulse generators, the TL494 PWM controller chip is often used, which has a number of positive characteristics:
handiness in electronic structures
Poor operating technical parameters, such as low starting pressure and head fluid
presence of universal internal chemical components
The operating principle of a typical computer power supply can be seen in the block diagram:
Reversing the voltage changes the value from change to constant. It is connected to the front bridge, which transforms the voltage and capacity, which smoothes out the vibration. These components may also include additional elements: thermistors and filters. The pulse generator generates pulses at a given frequency to power the transformer winding. VIN puts the main work into a computer power supply, transforming the circuit to the necessary values and galvanically isolating the circuits. Next, the voltage changes from the windings of the transformer, followed by another converter, which consists of conductor diodes that adjust the voltage, and the filter. The remaining pulsation is the sum of the inductor and capacitor groups.
Fragments of the many parameters of such a power supply “float” at the output through an unstable voltage and temperature. If you use operational control of these parameters, for example, with the help of an additional controller with a stabilizer function, then the above is shown block diagram will be entirely useful for the vikoristan in computer technology. This simplified circuit of the power supply from the circuit of the pulse-width modulation controller is shown on a small scale.
A PWM controller, for example UC3843, is used in this case and regulates the amplitude of the input signals through a low-pass filter, see the video lesson below:
The living block is the most important part of any device, especially when it comes to the living block for the computer. Now that I've been busy repairing them, I've collected some diagrams that can help you get started and repair them if necessary.
For starters, a quick tip on the BP:
Power supply for a computer based on a push-pull switch with a transformerless input. It can be said with confidence that 95 of all life blocks for computers are inspired by this principle itself. The cycle of removing the voltage at the output is a series of steps: the input voltage is rectified, smoothed out and fed to the power switches of the double-stroke switch. The operation of these keys is handled by a specialized microcircuit, called a PWM controller. Tsey controller to take up the general izpulsiv, submitted to Silovi Elehement, call Silovі bipolar transistori, Ale Ostannim for an hour є іnterees і to the field Polovikh transistor, to the stumber in the BP. Since the circuit of the double-pull conversion consists of two transistors, which alternately switch one after another, since they are generated at the same time, you can carefully ensure that the power supply is ready before repair - in which case the power elements burn out pulse transformer may burn out What's going on at Navantazhennya? The controller's job is to ensure that such a situation does not arise in principle, and also to monitor the voltage, so that the target is +5V. This voltage is determined for the lance of the collar joint and thus stabilizes the solution of all tensions. Before speaking, Chinese power supplies do not have additional stabilization of lances +12V, -12V, +3.3V.
Voltage regulation is carried out using the pulse-width method: therefore, the pulse filling ratio changes. beam width. 1 to the width of the entire pulse. The greater the log.1 value, the higher the output voltage. Everything you need can be found in specialized literature on power direct technology.
After the keys there is a pulse transformer, which transfers energy from the primary lance to the second one and simultaneously creates galvanic isolation from the 220V power lance. Next, a variable voltage is taken from the secondary windings, which is straightened, smoothed and supplied to the output to power the motherboard and all components of the computer. Tse Zagalny description, as it is not spared the shortcomings. For food power electronics It’s time to turn to specialized aids and resources.
The layout of wires for AT and ATX life blocks should be arranged lower:
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To start the ATX life block, it is necessary to connect the Power Supply On wire from the ground (black hole). Below is a diagram of life blocks for a computer:
ATX life blocks:
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File |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
A diagram of the ATX life block based on the TL494 microcircuit is presented. | |
| 2 |
ATX POWER SUPPLY DTK PTP-2038 200W. | |
| 3 |