Side 2 from 7

Installed

1. How to install XP?

There are many ways. First of all, if your CD with a distribution kit is similar to the one produced by Microsoft, it is guilty of being bootleg (manufactured). To boot from it, you need to set the “Boot sequence” parameter in the BIOS to the same CD-ROM, insert the CD and boot up again. After the computer starts, the installation program will start. Next, just follow the instructions. This is the only way to install directly into the installer program. Microsoft appreciates that the CD-ROM is an unknown and absolutely necessary part for a computer on which XP is installed, so the good old way of using multiple floppy disks is no longer supported.
Alternatively, you can use a DOS system floppy disk with a CD-ROM driver and run the "winnt.exe" program in the i386 directory on the distribution disk.
Note: if your hard drive is connected to an external controller (SCSI or IDE), do not forget to download the new XP (or W2k) driver to download it to a floppy disk. This is necessary if the installation program cannot correctly identify and install the device. In this case it is necessary to press F6 if such devices are detected.
And you will find that you can run W9x, NT4 or W2k, run the “setup.exe” program from the root directory of the CD, or winnt32.exe from the i386 directory, and upgrade the system to XP. It’s completely correct and before reinstalling you see a list of program drivers that are not useful from XP.
However, the remaining method is not the most optimal. Regardless of those that XP tries to independently select a list of driver programs that will not work with it correctly, it is not possible to do it correctly in all cases. Therefore, in order to eliminate problems from confusion, we would recommend that you install the system again.
Another radical method of eliminating problems from madness. When installing on top of the original OS, you will be able to select the OS (Dual boot).

Note: After installing XP as an adjacent OS, it will be impossible to work normally Outlook Expressі Internet Explorer in Windows 9x, because W2k replace the rest. It is true that both OSes are installed on the same disk partition. Well, this problem can be solved by copying certain DLLs from WinNT System32 to Windows System. For special purposes required libraries You can quickly access it using the ShowDep() program, or similar information is shown by Outlook Express in the “About” window. Moreover, many programs will have to be installed twice, once for XP and once for W9x. Sometimes, you can also in the same directory, for example, Office 2000, even when installing the product, you will know what it will cost, and as a result, it will install only about 18 megabytes.

2. How can I select the required kernel version and HAL during installation?

At the beginning of the text stage of the XP installation, when the message “Setup is inspecting your computer”s hardware configuration” appears, press and hold the “F5” key.

XP versions include the following versions of the HAL library:

ACPI Multiprocessor PC – for ACPI systems with multiple processors
ACPI Uniprocessor PC - vikoryst for ACPI systems with a multi-processor motherboard and one installed processor
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) PC - vikorista for single-processor ACPI systems
Compaq SystemPro Multiprocessor or 100% Compatible - for Compaq SystemPro computers or most of them
MPS Uniprocessor PC - for systems without ACPI support, with a multi-processor motherboard and one processor installed
MPS Multiprocessor PC – for multi-processor systems without ACPI support
Standard PC - vikorist for whatever standard computer, not with a lot of processors and without ACPI support.
SGI mp – for Silicon Graphics graphics stations.

3. During installation, the system does not allow you to select components and after installation there is nothing in Add/Remove programs - Windows Components.

When the time comes, you won’t be able to choose anything, unfortunately. Also, after installation, find the file sysoc.inf in Windows/inf and delete the word hide or HIDE from it, you will find it. Add/Remove Windows components has new items. It’s a pity that all the points that have appeared cannot be removed, but it is still possible.

4. Should you switch from FAT32 to NTFS?

Everything depends on what method you use to use your computer and how much you have RAM. Please note that NTFS works much better than FAT, through services that are additionally involved, and their security systems. If you have little RAM and you wanted to install your own XP, then you definitely cannot install your own NTFS. If you have 128MB or more, you can think about NTFS. Please note the advantages and disadvantages of NTFS for simple koristuvach and decide what you need. Before FAT32, you can include those that are faster and require less memory for operation. Since the system only works with FAT32, drivers and services that are necessary for NTFS are not required. In addition, if FAT32 is installed, it is possible to access the disk from a private W9x floppy. The advantages of NTFS for a simple hacker can be described in one literal word: indestructible. Seriously, it’s extremely difficult to disable NTFS, even if it’s possible. To make sure, a bunch of different add-ons, disk optimizers were launched, and at the most unexpected moments it was running reset button. The repetition of this sadism a good dozen times, the thirsty hostility to the system did not cope, it continued to function without mercy. In addition, NTFS has file encryption capabilities, which will ensure the integrity of the saved data. Of course, for sure, the system will not be installed again.

5. What does NTFS mean and how does it work?

NTFS grew out of the HPFS file system, developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft for the OS/2 project. She began to use Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. Windows NT 3.1 has little ability to compete with servers running NetWare and Unix, so NTFS has removed all the latest technological advances. The main axis is:

1. Working with great disks. NTFS has a cluster size of 512 bytes, which is in principle optimal, but it can be changed to 64K. It is more important that NTFS is designed to theoretically work with volumes of 16,777,216 terabytes in size. Theoretically, there are more hard disks It’s just not sleeping yet, and the stink won’t appear any time soon.

2. Durability. NTFS contains two copies of the FAT analogue, which are called MFT (Master File Table). When administrated under FAT MSDOS, MFT more closely resembles the database table. If the original MFT is corrupted due to a hardware corruption (for example, a bad sector appears), then the system, when it becomes available, creates a corrupted copy of the MFT, and automatically creates a new original, once the corruption has been corrected. Ale is not the most advanced. The main thing is that NTFS uses a transaction system for writing files to disk. This system came from a DBMS, and protecting the integrity of data is vitally important. There’s no need to talk about its effectiveness. In simple terms, it works like this:

The NTFS input/output driver initiates the writing process, immediately instructing the Log File Service to log everything it writes.
The data is written to the cache under the Cache Manager service.
Cache Manager forces data to the Virtual Memory Manager to write to disk in the background.
Virtual Memory Manager adds data to the disk driver by passing it through the Fault Tolerant Driver (if you have an array of RAID disks).
The disk driver overrides them to the controller, which then writes them either to the cache or directly to the disk.
If this operation is carried out without amends, the log entry is deleted.
If there is an error, the log entry is lost in the table of the transaction, and when access to the disk is available, the Log File Service detects this entry and simply updates everything as it was before this operation.

This system guarantees absolute security of data during copying, moving and deleting files or directories. When you make changes to a file, you lose the changes that were in memory or in the controller cache at the time of the failure, and were not able to be written to disk.

3. Predation. NTFS views files as objects. Every file object has power, such as its name, creation date, date stay updated, archive status, and security descriptor. A file object also contains a set of methods that allow you to work with it, such as open, close, read and write. Clients, including security guards, use these methods to access the file, and the Security Reference Monitor determines that clients have the necessary rights to access any of these methods. Besides, the files can be encrypted. It’s true that the encryption is more protective. If your system crashes or you reinstall it, then you will not be able to read the encrypted files unless you write ERD.

4. Data compression. NTFS allows you to compress multiple directories and files under DriveSpace, which allows you to compress the entire drive. It’s even easier, to save disk space, for example, you can compress large ones graphic files BMP format, or text files, and for the koristuvach everything will be clear to us.

5. Support for the ISO Unicode format. The Unicode format uses 16bit for encoding the symbol, instead of ASCII, which is 8bit or even worse - 7bit. For a simple user, this means that now you can name files, be it mine or Chinese - the system does not require changing the code side, just like DOS and W9x.

6. What's new in the NTFS5 file system and what are the features of NTFS4?

Above all, what NT4 was for, and what NetWare was doing, is due to quotas. Quota means limiting the maximum amount of disk space for a user who can use it. What is needed? Well, on computers that work in great circles, in firms and organizations and without power, it has become clear, even hard disks not gum. And on home computer, you can, for example, see Koristuvach’s “squad” or “younger brother” with no more than 50MB on the hard drive, so that the stink does not plague the disk. Moreover, it is not at all obligatory that all files of the user are saved in one place; they can be scattered across all disks. Quotas are set through the Properties NTFS section, Quota tab. Through Quota Entries you can set quotas for skin irritation.

Friend, the importance of NTFS5 visibility is important. old version- Possibility of searching the file, in the name of your ruler. What is needed? And here's the thing: for example, you need to know all the files created in Word, as if by one person, there are thousands of files on the disk. NT4 has a problem. Using the Access Control List, you can easily check which files are available on your computer and set access rights to individual files or directories.

In addition to the immediate change in the NTFS structure itself, W2k data from Microsoft Index Server, which significantly speeds up the search for files, especially for them, for indexing instead of disks. This service is supported through the Indexing Service section of the Computer Management window. In this section you can see which directories are indexed, and if necessary, add new ones or delete old ones. It works with any partitions, and not just NTFS.

NTFS5 has added such a function as mounting points or, in other words, junction points. This function has long been known to users of various versions of Unix/Linux, but it appeared first in Microsoft products. This additional technology can be used to add any disk resource to a file system. For example, you can come hard drive D:\ have any directories on the C:\ drive, for example, in C:\games Now, having accessed the C:\games directory, you can download the folder instead of the root directory of the D:\ drive. All changes that will be made in this directory will be made on the D:\ drive. After this, you can use the Computer management -> Disk Management window to select the letter assigned to your disk (Change disk letter and path), and you may not know that there are two disks installed on your computer! It works with one drive C: and directory C: for this there is no difference from the others. You can mount a disk or partition into a directory on an NTFS partition or disk from the already familiar Change disk letter and path menu, selecting Add. mountvol.

7. What is a cluster?

Cluster – the minimum size of disk space that can be seen by the file system to store one file. The VIN is usually displayed automatically when the hard drive is formatted, as indicated in the table:

A small blame for system section: If the smaller one is 2048MB, then the cluster size, with NTFS installed, is always 512 bytes.

You can determine the size of a W2k cluster using several methods. First, you can go to Administrative Tools -> Computer Management -> Storage -> Disk Defragmenter. Select the required disk and press Analyze. In just a few seconds, a sign with three buttons will appear. Clicking on View Report finally launches a wealth of information about the selected disk, including Cluster size.

Another method that is no different than W2k. Create, or take a ready-made, small file ranging in size from 1 byte to 500 bytes. Click on the right mouse button and select Properties. I marvel at two points, Size and Size on disk. Size is supposed to be 10 bytes at a time (what size really matters), and Size on disk will be, for example, 4096 bytes, which indicates the size of the cluster, then. 4K.

You can select the cluster size yourself, manually, although only when formatting. It works like this: “format d: /A:size”, where size is the size of the cluster in bytes. However, there are certain rules that need to be followed: first of all, the size of the cluster must be a multiple of the size of the physical sector, so 512 bytes is the most important case; in another way, there is a limit to the number of clusters per partition.

8. How can I change borrowings with installed XP?

You can delete directories:
1) %SystemRoot%\Driver Cache\i386\
It is possible to earn money in this situation, since all possessions are already worthwhile and work. When a new device is added, the system will receive a distribution kit.
2) %SystemRoot%\system32\dllcache\
This is a cache of stolen system files, which is used by Vicorist to ensure that they are automatically updated whenever they become corrupted. The size of the folder is 400 MB, and is indicated by the SFCQuota parameter (0xFFFFFFFF) in the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
You can change the size of the system file cache using the additional sfc command:
sfc /cachesize=0 (you can enter another value, for example, 3 MB), and then manually delete all files in the specified directory. If you do not set /cachesize=0, then when system files are stolen, the system will refill its cache to the specified level.
3) Select System Restore. You can get it here: System Properties -> System Restore -> Turn off System Restore for all drives. Here you can view all the information recorded by System Restore and saved in the System Volume Information folder.

9. How can I convert a FAT32 disk to NTFS without wasting data?

1. You can quickly use the CONVERT command: /FS:NTFS The conversion will take place upon the next re-enablement. There will be no waste of information, but you must be careful that the size of the cluster after conversion becomes 512 bytes, which is not good for large sections, in addition, the disk after conversion will be heavily fragmented. It is impossible to recreate the gate (NTFS -> FAT) without wasting data using XP, you will need to format the partition again.
2. Vikonati conversion is also possible Partition program Magic. With NTFS 5 you can start with version 6.0, but if you only want to install a new floppy disk, then you will go with version 5.01. Qia program It also allows you to cancel the gate conversion without wasting data and you can also change the cluster size (unfortunately, only FAT16 and FAT32). Partition Magic does not work with dynamic disks, especially primary ones.

10. How do I enable SFC (System Files Protection)?

To do this, you need to change the value of "SfcDisable" to "dword:ffffff9d". In order to turn it back on, this key must be changed to 0.
However, once you have accumulated the memory, you run the risk of experiencing all the legacy of Dll-hell, starting with a decrease in system productivity and ending with extremely annoying problems and glitches. Other system libraries on non-crazy versions from third-party developers.

11. What parameters can be changed in boot.ini?

boot.ini indicates the order of installation of the OS installed on the system, and allows you to set various parameters for these systems.

This file begins with a section
This has two parameters:

Timeout, means the hour in seconds that the system checks first to start installing the OS after installation, if there is an OS installed in the system.
Default, This means the system is to get involved in getting things done.

Another section contains a list of possible operating systems. For the skin OS, locality is indicated under the names ARC (Advanced RISC Computer).
scsi(*) or multi(*) - the scsi(*) element is selected for any SCSI controller with the BIOS enabled. The multi(*) element is selected for all other types of disks, including IDE, EIDE, ESDI and SCSI with an upgraded BIOS. (*) – number of the adapter for which the connection is involved. Adapters are numbered starting from zero, starting from the controller, expanded closer to slot 0 on the mat. pay.

disk(*) - if (1) = scsi(*), then it corresponds to the logical LUN number installed for the disk. If (1) = multi(*), always equal to zero.
rdisk(*) - if (1) = multi(*), then it is relative to the disk number in the lanyard, the number of disks starts from 0. If (1) = muulti(*), then it is always equal to zero
partition(*) - indicates the disk partition to contain operating system files. When changing the ARC name elements, the numbering of sections starts from 1, then. The first partition is designated partition(1), the other - partition(2) etc.
\path - indicates the directory (or subdirectory) of the section where the OS files are located. For promotions on Windows NT/2000, follow the path \winnt.

In addition, text is written on the paws, which will be visible in the OS selection item in the start menu. Following this text there may be keys that affect the operation of the OS. For W2k the following keys are possible:

/basevideo - with the sim key, the Vikoristvvatime system removes the standard VGA driver. This parameter can be useful if you install a different video card for a short hour, and you don’t want to suffer from rearranging drivers.
/fastdetect - set it to be installed automatically at the time of system installation. When this key is installed, the system does not recognize all Plug and Play devices during activation.
/maxmem - means maximum size RAM, which can be used by the system. Theoretically, you can help if your performance is faulty.
/noguiboot - If this key is disabled, the color splash will not be drawn when enchanted. You can vikorize those who don’t dare to marvel at this picture in 60 hertz. But you need to make sure that you don’t get a BSOD when you are engaged. If the system hangs if it is out of order, naturally you will not stop.
/noserialmice= - if this parameter is selected, the mouse connected to the COM port will not be displayed for ports that are overexposed at the arms. If port numbers are not specified, the device will not appear on all ports.
/bootlog - when this parameter is specified, the system will write the login log in %SystemRoot%\Nbtlog.txt This parameter can be used to find out the reason why the system can login only in safe mode.
/safeboot - when the system is installed, it will be switched to Safe mode. You can also get started by pressing F8 on the beginning of the system. Through the double checkbox you can set a number of parameters for /safeboot. Minimal – minimal configuration. Network – with a careful edge. Dsrepair - available only in W2kServer and allows you to update Active Directory from a previously created backup copies. Alternateshell - allows you to create alternative graphic shells. The system uses only Explorer (standard shell) and Progman (lost in Windows 3.11 and NT 3.5).
/sos - displays on the screen a list of drivers that you need to install. You can help us understand why the system falters in the hour of distraction.
/baudrate - this parameter specifies the speed at which the COM port will be used to improve the system. If you don’t specify a specific speed, then it will be 9600 for the modem and 19200 for the modem null modem cable. If this parameter is disabled, the /debug parameter is automatically set
/crashdebug - the dispatcher is assigned to this command, but remains in an inactive state until the kernel is broken. You can become vikorists and become robbers software security.
/debugport=com* - specifies the number of the COM port (* which is the port number) that is checked by the administrator. Automatically selects the /debug key
/debug - selects an administrator that can be activated by another computer through a COM port connection. You can become a vikory supplier of software security vendors.
/nodebug - no useful information is displayed on the screen.
/hal – specifies the name of the file that can be displayed as hal.dll after installation. Report of the Div. nutrition chapter 5 "Renewal".
/kernel - specifies the name of the file that can be created as ntoskrnl.dll after installation. Report of the Div. nutrition chapter 5 "Renewal".

12. How can I install Win9x if XP is already installed?

Win9x is overwritten during installation vanguard sector XP. Otherwise, before installing Win9x, you need to properly configure your installer.
Why does the MSBATCH.INF file exist (as your distribution does not have such a file,
create yogo) need to be registered advancing rows:

CleanBoot=0

After installing Win9x, it installs the settings for itself, but it can be easily changed. Since the Win9x distribution is on CD (as it is), the MSBATCH.INF corrections can be accessed by running the Win9x installer with the parameter:
setup.exe drive:\path\MSBATCH.INF
In this case, the file can be named anything but MSBATCH.INF.

13. How can I change the system/hard drive letter of XP?

Changing the file may be necessary if the mirrored volume breaks down or the configuration of the disk subsystem changes. Below is a look at how to change the letters for drives C and D. If you don’t need to change the letters in places, just change the value of \DosDevice\[letter]: whatever the letter, it is not changed. Please be aware that when changing the disk letter in a system that is working normally, stop using programs that use the absolute addressing method - you will have to reinstall them or manually change all the wrong paths in the system page

Log in as an administrator and run Regedt.exe.
Open the key HKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices and allow the administrator public access until now (menu Security -> Permissions).
In HKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices you can find the drive letter you want to change, in our entry it is "\DosDevices\C:".
Change the letter to be-yak, so as not to be used, for example, "\DosDevices\Z:".
Select a different drive letter for your friend, then. "\DosDevices\D:", change
If we need it, our output will be "\DosDevices\C:"
Select \DosDevices\Z: and rename it to \\DosDevices\D:.
Restore your computer.

14. How can I rename the Administrator cloud account folder?

We log in to the system under the administrator account and create a folder with the required names in the Documents and Settings directory. Then - right-click on the end of "My computer" -> Properties -> Advanced -> User Profiles, click the Copy To... button and copy the administrator profile to the created folder. Run regedit and find the key:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList
For this key, find the checkbox that corresponds to the administrator’s profile for the values of the ProfileImagePath key, and in it we correct this parameter as required. Re-login, once everything is gone, you can delete the old folder - you won’t need it anymore.

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How to install Windows XP on Vista

Installing XP on Vista

If you have already installed Windows XP and now you need to update to Vista, the utilities you can use and use keruvannyam Windows XP. The order of actions for this case will be as follows:

1. Download the offending utilities - bcdedit and bootsect and place them in the same directory, for example, on the D:\bootfix\ drive

2. Launch the command line (Start - Viconty - cmd) and go to the folder D:\bootfix\ (commands "d:", then "cd bootfix")

3. Type the following commands in sequence:

D:\bootfix\bootsect.exe /NT60 All
The command updates the Windows Vista app

D:\bootfix\bcdedit.exe /create (ntldr) /d "Microsoft Windows XP"
The command adds an entry to the Vista app for infatuated with Windows XP

D:\bootfix\bcdedit.exe /set (ntldr) device partition=C:
The command means uninstalling Windows XP Windows XP (ntldr file on drive C)

D:\bootfix\bcdedit.exe /set (ntldr) path\ntldr

D:\bootfix\bcdedit.exe /displayorder (ntldr) -addlast
The command indicates the position of the Windows XP installation record in the window for selecting the OS for installation (like a list)

D:\bootfix\bcdedit.exe /timeout 10

If you are only planning to install Windows XP, you can configure the sub-hosting configuration ahead of Windows Vista, for which follow these recommendations:

1. Open the command row (cmd) as administrator.

Why sign such actions? a) Click Start and enter a search in the field.

cmd b) Click on the found file right key please choose context menu

item "Run as administrator"

2. Follow these commands consistently
Bcdedit /create (ntldr) /d "Microsoft Windows XP"

The command adds an entry for Windows XP to Windows XP.
bcdedit /set (ntldr) device partition=C:
The command means Rotating Windows XP Windows XP

(ntldr file on drive C)
bcdedit /set (ntldr) path \ntldr

The command specifies the name of the owner of Windows XP
bcdedit /displayorder (ntldr) -addlast
The command indicates the position of the Windows XP entry.

at the window, select the OS for installation (like the list)
bcdedit /timeout 10

The command specifies the timeout for selecting the OS for browsing in seconds (optional)

To create the configuration of the advanced data management under Windows Vista, you can also use third-party programs to provide a graphical interface for the bcdedit.exe utility.

In this case, after installing Windows XP, you can update the Windows Vista version, and the configuration of the default version will already be available, and will not be “overwritten” by the installation of XP and the Vista version. It is in the form in which you created it before installing XP.

To update Windows Vista, you can quickly use the bcdedit.exe utility (250 Kb) to install the following files

a) Download the utility - bcdedit and place it in a suitable directory, for example, on the D:\bootfix\ drive

b) Launch the command line (Start - Viconty - cmd) and go to the folder D:\bootfix\ (commands "d:", then "cd bootfix")

c) Vikon attack the team

The command updates the Windows Vista app

You can quickly use the utility FixBootFull how to allow the configuration of the underground attraction to be created. Preserve archives and attachments before you first report to the forum (for preserving, registration on the forum is required).

In the program, remove the icon from the "Update Windows Vista Vanguard" option and adjust other settings according to your preferences.

Using third-party programs You can also quickly use third-party programs that provide a graphical interface for the Bcdedit.exe command line utility, such as VistaBootPRO or EasyBCD

Malyunok 7 - VistaBootPRO

Malyunok 8 - EasyBCD

Visnovok

However, given the not entirely correct sequence of installing operating systems, it is difficult to organize their installation correctly, without going into complex manipulations or third-party programs.

For further help from the instructions Windows disk In Vista, you can update the ability to install data on one operating system, and use the bcdedit utility to adjust the status of two operating systems.

Before the speech, official transition (autumn 2008)
From Windows Vista to XP the price has increased in the morning!

Dell distributed its new computers to buyers zrobiti downgrade Windows Vista OS on Windows XP for 150 dollars. Previously, this servant paid 50 dollars.

Computerworld reports this. Microsoft stopped selling Windows XP 30 2008. However, Microsoft's license allows you to legally downgrade the operating system from Windows Vista Business and Vista Ultimate to Windows XP Professional.

Microsoft has allowed computer owners to downgrade their operating system from Windows Vista Ultimate or Business to Windows XP Professional until the end of doom. Previously, Microsoft planned to release XP as part of its program for the beginning of 2009.

According to various estimates, a third of new computers will need to downgrade the operating system to Windows XP.

The big world is full of corporate machines.

One of the reasons for upgrading to Vista is to improve the functionality of the OS before the computer is installed.

How Microsoft in advertising News has inflated GREAT budgets!

Windows XP vs Vista - how to switch from XP to Vista

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Ministry of Light of the Russian Federation

Moscow State University Economy

Statistics and Informatics (MECI)

Institute of Computer Technologies

Abstract of surgical media, systems and membranes on the topic:

“Installation of Windows XP. Configuration of Windows XP shell, optimization of work"

Vikonavets: Cherkasov Oleksiy Yuriyovych

student group DKE-102

Moscow 2002 r.

Entry

Windows XP was released on June 25, 2001. This is a uniquely complex Operating System (OS), which is based on Windows 2000. Since this is a completely new OS, I will be reluctant to connect to the Internet.

What is Windows XP?

The price of a new OS from Microsoft is starting with an attempt to combine the two previously independent W9x and NT lines. At first this project was called Whisler, but then it was divided into two lines, WindowsXP, which is positioned to replace W9x and W2kPro, and Windows.NET, which is positioned to replace NT Server of all sorts. Regardless of the name, it smells directly from Windows2000 and from the WindowsNT line of products. This fact signifies the main features of WindowsXP. This is a completely 32-bit OS with priority tasking. It is based on the very principles on which all NT was based. Tse

2.Portability. The system runs on various processors of the x86 family, manufactured by Intel and AMD. There is already a 64-bit version of WindowsXP and Windows.NET, designed to run on Intel Itanium. Implementation of support for processors of other architectures is possible, but requires some effort.

3.Scalability. WindowsXP supports SMP technology. Windows.NET Advanced Server and Datacenter Server also have COW (Cluster Of Workstations) support.

4.Security system. A security system that is essential for NT has been implemented on the same level as customers.

5.Distributed processing. WindowsXP may be built into a network of capabilities that ensures the ability to communicate with different types Host computers always use different transport protocols and client-server technologies.

6.Reliability and robustness. The OS architecture protects applications from corruption by one another and the operating system. In this case, the vikorystvoyka is structured to handle special situations on all architectural levels, which includes renovation file system NTFS will provide protection using an advanced security system and advanced memory management methods.

7.Localization. The system provides the ability to work in many countries around the world with national languages that comply with the ISO Unicode standard.

8.Extensibility. Due to the modular system, it becomes possible to add new modules on different OS architectures.

The final build is 2600. You can find it either using the winver command or by checking the XP kernel version, for example the ntoskrnl.exe file. View a pirated release, which may cause the activation mechanism (Windows Product activation) to be blocked on the system. A pirated release will have ways to combat it, so if you create a folder called crack, or something like that, you can tell that the release is pirated. If there is nothing of the kind on your disc, and the disc itself has all the signs of an illegal one (no holograms, no license on the paper, no stickers that change color when you heat it with your finger), then you risk that Your version will stop working for a month. However, these are pirated releases that do not require registration. In addition, these are the corporate releases produced by Microsoft for its largest OEM partners. Such releases do not require registration initially.

UWindows XPWindows Product Activation. This is a new technology developed by Microsoft to combat illegal copies of their software. Previously, a similar mechanism was tested on the Terminal Service, with W2k Server, but now, it seems, everything will be protected in this way, or, in fact, Microsoft products. The essence of technology lies in the modern world. After installing the system based on serial number, which comes with your copy of XP, and depending on your computer's features, a Product ID is generated. It consists of 20 digits, and on this basis (along with the correct serial number, especially) you select the Activation Code, after entering which Windows recognizes the activation code. According to Microsoft, based on these two numbers, they cannot learn anything about your computer. This means complete anonymity. Perhaps, it’s true. If you do not cancel such procedures, then after 30 days XP will simply stop functioning everything except the applet that indicates activation. You can find out whether your version of XP is active in the System Summary window, which is located in the Programs -> Accessories -> System tools -> System Information menu. If you open the Activation Status row, and then write Activation Pending (XX days remaining) on the screen, then after XX days your XP will stop running. The applet that confirms the activation of XP can be found in the menu Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Activate Windows. When you launch this applet, a simple wizard will open that asks you to register your copy of XP via the Internet or by phone. Once the system is activated (in any way), the Activation Pending row from System Information will disappear without a trace.

There are two types of versionsXP – Windows XP Home and Windows XP Professional. In addition, the 64-bit version of Windows XP Professional is built for 64-bit Intel Itanium. More will be released (according to Mircosoft) Widows.NET Server, Windows.NET Advanced Server and Windows.NET Datacenter Server (x86 and 64 bit edition for desktop). XP Home is positioned as an OS replacement for the W9x, XP Professional line, as a replacement for Windows 2000 Professional. Due to the various features between them, you may notice that SMP support is no longer available in XP Home. Ale, uninvited on Tse, to be Xp Home is prompted by the nuclear nt, the 25 Zhovtny 2001 (the date of the OFITICH VIDHOD) is able to talk about the long-out OFITSINA LINIIKA W9X, Ideology MS-DOS at once. Windows.NET is being expanded from XP system services and the additions that power the server, and the encouragement of a more intense climb. So, while XP Pro supports SMP with only two processors, NET Server supports 4, NET Advanced Server supports 8, and NET Datacenter Server supports 32.

Microsoft confirms that for a successful installation XP You need a processor of at least 233 megahertz, 64 megabytes of RAM, and 1.5 gigabytes Have a good time on disk. However, for more or less comfortable work, you will need a processor of at least 500 megahertz and at least 128 megabytes of RAM. If you want to make the interface as simple as possible, you can achieve the fact that XP has less memory than W2k, so if you sacrifice any “bells and whistles” and visual effects, then you can work completely comfortably with less pushing systems. However, if your machine runs W2k, then it runs on XP, but it’s not worse, it’s not better. Even if the OS is based on the NT kernel, XP still loves RAM, so 512 megabytes for such a system will not be useful at all, although it will not be burdensome. At 256 Mb, the system works very quickly and efficiently, as it does not interfere with even important programs. When all visual effects are taken into account, XP is noticeably weak on very weak processors, regardless of the amount of RAM. This same effect can be avoided with a weak video card. However, since the system is working hard, it is normal to customize XP in practice much more recently, even if the OS from Microsoft was released earlier.

As in W2k, the NT kernel imposes its own limitations, so it is not possible to achieve in XP absolutely all the insanity of older software. Prote, it’s cleared up with w2k that the situation has gotten a lot better. The most noticeable changes can be seen in the sound of older DOS games, which was even more difficult to achieve in W2k. Emulation of Sound Blaster 2 and General MIDI is supported, so you can now work with the sound of such old titles as Worms, Duke Nukem 3D, Warcraft 1 and 2, Dune 2. in XP, the capacity mode is enabled old OS. To do this, you must select the Compatibility tab from the Properties of the file or shortcut to the file. In this tab, you can indicate which OS you need to run the program in, and you need to change the separation or color depth (necessary for many older programs).

In addition to acompat.exe from the W2k distribution, XP in mode not only reports programs that are not there (on the base of an old utility with MS-DOS, called setver), but also emulates the structure of the Windows registry, which controls other . OS versions. Since you don’t have to go through the files and shortcuts on your own, you can quickly access the Program Compatibility Wizard from the Start – Programs – Accessories button. However, it’s not easy to understand this miracle mechanism, 100% of the success has not been achieved, so don’t go to the website of the distributor of your program and marvel that you won’t see an update for it with XP, what should I do? What's the point of old software? As in W2k, the NT kernel imposes its own limitations, so it is not possible to achieve in XP absolutely all the insanity of older software.

This problemDL-hell is given the utmost respect. Moreover, they have come to a more comprehensive level of nutrition, never mind. First of all, don’t let anyone just overwrite any DLL in the system directory. Moreover, we lost the familiar W2k mechanism of SFC, System File Protection. This system monitors the main system files, and whenever you replace any of them, it changes everything back. In addition, at Microsoft, I feel like they are complaining about crooked programmers who cannot write normally, and they absolutely require that their work work with powerful DLLs that replace the system ones. When installing such programs, the DLLs will still be written to the disk, rather than replacing the system ones. Then, when such programs are launched, once the DLL is clicked, it is not the system file that is to be called, but the storage file itself within the program itself.

Dynamic Disk This is a physical disk on which dynamic partitions can be created, and a lot of time has been assigned to this partition. Such a disk may be accessible only with W2k or XP. Dynamic divisions may be of the following types:

1.Sorry (simple). Simple divisions practically do not differ from those before which we called.
2. Warehouses (spanned). Comprised of several dynamic disks, presented as one disk. Data are written and read sequentially.
3. Chergovi (stripped). A number of dynamic disks, presented as one disk. Data is written and read simultaneously on a bunch of disks. This, theoretically, should ensure greater speed on disk operations. In practice, the increase is at least significant, or less, or even less. This mode is the best because it already has two disks. Otherwise, it is much more profitable to buy one hard drive, in addition to a larger one, with excellent performance characteristics, or two smaller and larger ones, divided into those that will be more powerful . Basically, if you take two smooth disks and combine them with Stripped Volume, then the volume will be greater than one. However, the system partition cannot be Stripped Volume. In this case, it is wiser to add a hardware IDE-RAID controller, which will ensure the ability of RAID work to run under DOS; In this way, you can create a system partition so that it will work.
4. Dzerkalni (mirrored). These sections consist of two physical disks. Data that is recorded on one of the disks is automatically duplicated on the other. This does not give the same benefits to the speed plan, but will provide a twice as high level of data security reliability.
5. RAID5. Folds into three or more discs. It has a stripped volume with control of cuts. Then the data is written to two disks, two blocks, and to the third disk, and the ECC correction code is written to the third block, in addition to which, the information of any block can be updated instead of another block. Moreover, the ECC code is written alternately as it enters the disk array. This technology allows for more economical utilization of disk space, rather than mirrored volumes, and improves efficiency. Any of these sections can be formatted either under FAT32 or under NTFS. Dynamic disk management is available through the Disk Management section of the Computer Management window.

Note: All these sections, including simple ones, can only be created on dynamic disks.

The original disk can be converted from a dynamic disk, from the Disk Management window, the reverse process (converting a dynamic disk from a simple one) is always possible. For example, if the disk is created as dynamic from the very beginning, then the partition table is now important, and in order to create it, it will have to be re-partitioned using fdisk and formatted.
In addition, if you select a few batches on the dynamic disk, then a new batch, equal in size to the distance, will be added up from several other batches combined in the volume set under one letter.

Task Manager– and this is one of the most difficult hand tools in NT, intended for process control. Click on either Ctrl+Shift+Esc or by selecting the menu that appears after pressing right button on Taskbar. Task manager in XP consists of five tabs Applications, Processes, Performance, Networkingі Users. Let's do it Performance.

This tab displays information about the utilization of the processor(s) in real time (in the green color of the server process, in the red color of the system processes), the utilization of physical memory is shown, and how much RAM is used/available memory, and how much system Swap is occupied . What kind of cream is given? additional information, for example, Threads and Processes, - the number of threads and processes created per machine, Peak - the peak size of Swap during a session, Nonpaged - the amount of memory allocated to the kernel. This information can be used if there is a need for power supply, which is a factor in the system’s “flying neck”, which enhances the work (it would be better to use the Performance Monitor for these purposes).

Another bookmark, Processes list the processes active in Narazi.

For each process, you can find additional information such as: PID (Process ID), the amount of stored RAM, the number of threads generated by the process and much more. For the shortest additions that have appeared in XP, see the User Name column that has appeared. You can find out which customer or system service launched that other process. You can add/visualize parameters via View -> Select Columns.

In addition, from any of these processes you can create songs. For this purpose, simply click on it with the right mouse button, a context menu will appear, through which you can end, “kill” the process (End Process), you can kill the process itself, and all others that have “spawned” (End Process Tree) . You can set the priority of the process, from the highest Real-Time to the lowest, Low. If the machine has two processors and a rich processor core installed, then in this menu there is another Set Affinity item, which allows you to transfer the process to another processor, Cpu 0, Cpu1, and so on up to Cpu31.

Bookmark - Applications, allows you to look at the list of working programs and “drive in” any of them. Task Manager allows you not only to “drive in” programs, but you can also launch new programs. File -> New task (Run..). Sometimes it’s even worse. For example, if for some reason the interface of the server hangs, you can easily “kill it” (the explorer.exe process), and then start again. Moreover, it’s not entirely the explorer.exe’s fault. You can, for example, run progman.exe and see an interface similar to the W3.1 interface, or any of the other interfaces that can be found in abundance on the Internet.

Bookmark Networking. This is one of the bookmarks that appeared in Task Manager only in XP. It displays the presence of the local network.

Bookmark Users. You can see the drivers working on the machine at once. If you have enough rights, you can turn on your account or simply send him a message. Similar statements have long been widely used in a variety of software designed to manage multi-system systems, but in Task Manager this possibility appeared first.

After taking a long break, Microsoft is radically changing external look their OS. The basic principles of the interface have been deprived of too much, but all sorts of other things, and not even changes and additions, just great bulk. The first thing that catches your eye is the design of the system, which has changed. Strict, straight lines without any “embellishment” were replaced by rounded lines, soft tones and shadows. However, Microsoft, without finding a “bicycle”, has a lot of trends that found their way into the new design of XP, and could have existed in the past, including on the PC. Like W2k, which has modified the color scheme that first appeared in KDE 1.2, XP has modified the color scheme elements and the design of certain interface elements (for example, scroll bars) similar to those in KDE 2.0 who doesn't deserve the new vibe in the "comp" Western fashion", you can easily change the current look of the system to a more basic look, such as W2k or W98.

How to install XP?

And you will find that you can run W9x, NT4 or W2k, run the “setup.exe” program from the root directory of the CD, or winnt32.exe from the i386 directory, and upgrade the system to XP. It’s completely correct and before reinstalling you see a list of program drivers that are not useful from XP.

However, the remaining method is not the most optimal. Regardless of those that XP tries to independently select a list of driver programs that will not work with it correctly, it is not possible to do it correctly in all cases. Therefore, to eliminate problems from confusion, it is better to install the system again.
Another radical method of eliminating problems from madness. When installing on top of the original OS, you will be able to select the OS (Dual boot).

Note: After installing XP as an adjacent OS, it will be impossible to use Outlook Express and Internet Explorer normally on Windows 9x, because W2k replace the rest. It is true that both OSes are installed on the same disk partition. Well, this problem can be solved by copying certain DLLs from WinNT System32 to Windows System. To select the required libraries, you can quickly use the ShowDep program (<#"1.files/image007.jpg">

This article looks at the current situation: installation of a new operating system Windows systems Vista over Windows XP (with Service Pack 2), and this is a synthetic test conducted in a laboratory. The last one is the author of this article himself, who made his exact sacrifice for the birth of science home system, which is constantly used for gaming and robots, with a dozen or more installed add-ons, by postal customer with listings, network connections of the local Internet provider and others. This kind of “deadly number comes first”, following the hints in the final notes, I will either find out the possibility of a smooth, painless transition to Windows Vista or... Or, in the worst case, I agree with accusing Microsoft that not everyone is dead them, then at the bottom of specific sins for sure:).

In another part of this small article, a freshly installed Windows Vista system undergoes final testing - practically a complete change of the computer hardware - the system board, CPU, video card, RAM. In fact, you will only lose a hard drive with Windows Vista and DVD-RW/+RW. How can you survive such a devastated operating system? The evidence for this nutrition is also determined during the process of our experiment...

Part 1. Installation over Windows XP

Preparation

Well, our order has a system in place:

The installed software is significant (this list is far from exhaustive):

Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro 4.0
PaintShop Pro 9
K-Lite Mega Codec Pack 1.66
Microsoft. NET Framework(versions 1.1, 2.0, 3.0)
Microsoft Office 2003
PowerDVD version 6
Kaspersky Antivirus 6.0
"Gildiya 2" (gra)

What are the possibilities to check on the buyer of a licensed box Windows versions XP for the next upgrade (OEM versions - not included)? This is confirmed by Microsoft itself:

These dots indicate that you will need installation “from scratch”, without the possibility of saving installation programs and adjustments. Green dot - the ability to install Windows Vista on top of the streaming version of the Windows XP operating system, saving your setup and programs. The above label is valid for 32-bit versions of operating systems. You can read a report on upgrading 64-bit versions of Windows here.

Let's provide information about the commercial side of the power supply - how much it will cost to switch from the boxed version of Windows XP to the Upgrade version of Windows Vista:

In case of any problem, Microsoft encourages you to check the possibility of switching to Windows Vista using the Windows Marketplace Upgrade Options Tool (section "Submissions" for example).

Now, before you switch to Windows Vista, there are a lot of possible pitfalls that need to be prepared in advance. Another useful utility will help you here - Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor (also located in the "Corris Messages" section, for example, statistics). This allows you to proactively evaluate the consequences of switching to a new operating system, which often reveals possible pitfalls. However, the same discrepancies are displayed for a specific version of Windows Vista (Home Basic, Home Premium, Business and Ultimate). I have a box version of Windows Vista Business...

After installing the utility and performing an additional scan, you will be informed about the type of system features.

Device drivers...

І installed programs.

Well, the Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor utility found two real problems and six potential problems:

Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro software from Agnitum Ltd. Before upgrading Windows XP to Windows Vista, you must uninstall it, and when installing after switching to Windows Vista, you may not be required to do so.

Kaspersky Anti-Virus 6.0.1.411 from Kaspersky Lab may be uninstalled before upgrading from Windows XP to Windows Vista, and if installed after switching to Windows Vista, it may not work due to any limitations.

Potential problems with the Windows Messenger IM client version 4.7.

More information about the functionality of ABBYY Lingvo 9.0 Multilingual Dictionary from ABBYY (BIT Software).

Perhaps a small version of PowerDVD version 6.

Possible small exchanges for the Citrix ICA client.

No driver information available: Creative Audigy Audio Processor (WDM) from Creative Technology, Ltd.

No driver information available: Creative Game Port by Creative Technology Ltd.

Well, the problems are starting to appear...

Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro 4.0.1005.7229. Unfortunately, the problem is not solved, and you will have to add the following:
"The current version of Outpost Firewall 4.0 and the upcoming Outpost Security Suite 2007 are compatible with Windows Vista. However, Vista versions of both products are in development and will be available to all registered customers of Outpost products at no cost "Umovi ceremonial license."

Kaspersky Antivirus 6.0.1.411. After updating to version 6.0.2.621, the product became completely compatible with Windows Vista.

Windows Messenger version 4.7. Windows Messenger version 4 – installed automatically when installing Windows XP. For help from one of the faceless utilities fine tuning Windows XP - Windows Messenger version 4.7 has been removed from the system.

ABBYY Lingvo 9.0 Multilingual Dictionary. The add-on has been removed from the system to verify its functionality under Windows Vista.

PowerDVD version 6. The add-on is not included in the system - to verify its functionality under Windows Vista.

Citrix ICA client. The add-on has been removed from the system to verify its functionality under Windows Vista.

Creative Audigy Processor (WDM) driver. The driver update will be available after installing Windows Vista.

Creative Game Port Driver. The driver update will be available after installing Windows Vista.

So, to summarize: Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro will be visible; Antivirus updated and the problem has occurred; Windows Messenger is visible; ABBYY Lingvo 9.0, PowerDVD 6 and Citrix ICA client are not included in the system; Creative drivers are updated after installing a new operating system.

All potential problems addressed by the Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor have been addressed or addressed before installing Windows Vista Business.

We insert the disc into the drive, and finally what appears after automatic start, suggests that these actions include checking the computer’s functionality via the Internet, installing the operating system, entering the necessary up-to-date information or transferring old files, settings and adjustments from another computer.

We won’t check the computer’s worth – Upgrade Advisor will already tell you everything you need. Corrisna forward information is a document with short basic explanations for koristuvacs. Please note the following points:

Actions before updating or installing Windows
Please upgrade to Windows Vista...
To install a new (clean) copy of Windows Vista...
What you need to know before installing Windows Vista

The point that suggests transferring files and settings from another computer - click the Windows Easy Transfer wizard (this utility is also located in the “Correspondence messages” section at the end of the article), which helps to copy the cloud record, file and koristuvacha and installations from the old computer yuter (under Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista) to a new one with the Windows Vista operating system installed.

We are tsacked for updates, so we are politely embossed “Install”...

When is it possible to upgrade to Windows Vista?

It is necessary to earn more respect. Updated (don't be fooled by clean install new versions) before Windows Vista is only possible if you have an absolutely identical version of Windows installed. Then, from the Russian version of Windows XP you can upgrade to the Russian version of Windows Vista, from the English version to English. If you want to upgrade, for example, from the English version of Windows XP to the Russian version of Windows Vista, you will be notified about the impossibility of this operation:

If you have decided to buy an Upgrade version of Windows Vista - remember the need to keep the same versions!

In addition, there are additional options for upgrading to Windows Vista from other versions of operating systems. It is impossible to update with the latest versions of Windows:

Windows XP with the latest packages installed in the interface: Bulgarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Rumanian, Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, Thai, Ukrainian, Croatian, Estonian.

Windows XP Media Center Edition: Danish, Spanish, Chinese (traditional leaf) (Hong Kong), Chinese (traditional leaf) (Taiwan), Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Turkish, Finnish, Czech, Swedish.

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition: Ukrainian, Danish, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Turkish, Czech, Finnish, Swedish.

Lasting installation

The installation program will initially ask you to update (an Internet connection is required).

When you enter your serial number, select the checkbox “Automatically activate Windows when connected to the Internet.” If you have no plans to immediately activate Windows (for example, as in my case - even immediately after installation, I completely change the hardware configuration), uncheck the box.

After entering the serial number and clicking on the "Next" button, you will collect information about the previous installed system, adjusting koristuvach, installed add-ons, etc. Be aware of the possible occurrence of problems:

After this, the routine installation (more precisely, updating) of Windows begins.

Before speaking, if you are planning to install Windows Vista on top of an operating system that is impossible to update (for example, you had an English version, and you are installing a Russian one), then for one partition of the hard drive - old system will be removed from the Windows.old catalog:

Let's return to our time - the update of the Russian version of Windows XP Professional SP2 on Russian Windows Vista Business. It looks like it won't be a problem, with a couple of planned upgrades, but in general, in an hour, you can completely finish installing Windows XP (for me, the update took almost one year).

The first launch of Windows Vista was entirely predictable - the problem with the driver for Audigy 2 immediately merged, thus beating us to Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor.

In addition, the latest driver from Creative installations (there are no problems with other devices), information about the beginning of 30 days before blocking the Windows functionality at any time of activation is accepted, and after We have to re-examine our interest and impatience - why has everything been lost in its place?

The trellises of the work table are greatly saved.

All icons on the desktop are saved.

All icons in the area Swedish launch- Saving.

After completing the transition from Outlook Express to Windows Mail ("Windows Mail")...

...Mi bachimo outside saving postal accounts and archive e-mail listing.

All messages sent by Vibrany in the Internet Explorer browser are saved.

Documents in catalog My documents are saved.

The entire history of documents in the appendices Word type And referring third companies to the PaintShop Pro 9 installation is saved.

After many years of normal full-time robots- no problems were identified, the renovation went smoothly and painlessly. PaintShop Pro 9, Microsoft Office 2003, a number of other programs using the KeePass Password Safe password manager, and the game "Guild 2" - worked without problems. We put "plus".

Part 2. Replacing the system hardware

As soon as I start the process, I will upgrade the entire section, but it will turn out quite small. The reason is banal - to write about problems that have arisen, nothing through its existence.

The author of these series of changes changed almost the entire hardware part of the computer (to put it simply, what was missing from me - sound card, hard disk, DVD-RW and life block). And Windows Vista has calmly failed! Of course, new devices were discovered, and the installation process went smoothly and painlessly. This means that there is not much to do with the video card driver ATI Radeon X1950XT.

There is no information about the video card yet - it is in the process of being “learned”

Initially, the devices were recognized as ATI Radeon X1900 series (which worked without problems), and only after installing a new set of ATI Catalyst "lived" under their real names. This is, of course, rubbish, and I don’t lose anything except to add another “plus”...

Visnovok

The Windows Vista operating system has generally lost acceptance of the enemy, and first of all, there are always pitfalls there, even if the client always checks for them (for example, updating the system when installing on top of an old or correct identification of devices).

The update from the working version of Windows XP Professional SP2 to Windows Vista Business was carried out correctly, the system was completely efficient, the time spent was minimal, and the author did not encounter any problems.

The change in hardware configuration went smoothly and easily for the operator. Obviously, there is a database with current drivers under a wide range of “leaky” components, including the latest version of the operating system. It's always been like that.

Without a doubt, I do not pretend to give an objective verdict - my special evidence extends to a specific version of the operating system, with specific programs from third parties and specific hardware components (motherboard and Intel processor). Specific configurations and additions - I want to row the boat, and how everything goes for your specific situation - I do not undertake to confirm. Tim is not less, it is obvious that since you have a completely original system, without any specific hardware or software components, it has been verified as crazy Windows utility Vista Upgrade Advisor - you can upgrade to Windows Vista right away without much worry, and the risk will be minimal. The product was created five times, and underwent long-term testing - this factor may have influenced the prevalence of “sirish” places directly in the operating system itself. My biggest problem at the moment is the lack of clear and comprehensive drivers Windows support Vista distributors of various peripheral devices and “nasty” components, as well as timely nonsense (for example, Outpost Firewall) with a number of add-ons.

Korisni poslannya

Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor: getting it done

Windows Easy Transfer: done well

Windows Marketplace Upgrade Options Tool (about 1.35 MB): link

Windows XP and today are losing one of the most popular operating systems. Retailers price them for the reliability and reliability of the work on a weak old floor. Pokrokov installation Windows XP - the installation process is quick and easy. Let's look at the report below and describe it.

Prepare your computer before installing a new OS

The simplest way that can be done Windows installation XP - z installation disk. If instead of reading data from your system, the system begins to rely on the old OS, or a black screen appears that does not respond to pressing buttons, you just need to go into the BIOS and make the following settings:

Open the section Advansed BIOS Features or BIOS/Boot Device Priority;
Select the item First Boot Devise;
From the list, select CDROM or the name of your drive;
Save the result by pressing the F10 key and restart your computer.

It is important that BIOS versions for laptops are very much the same today, so the descriptions of how to install the OS on a laptop may be even different.

Let's go straight to the point of installation

Pershe vikno blue screen. At this stage itself, the step-by-step installation of software for installing Windows XP on a SCSI (high-speed disk) or RAID array takes place. To do this, you need to press F6, after which the appropriate drivers will be installed. However, in most cases, customers install the system on the original hard drive, for which there is no need for any input during installation, you just need to check the next screen.

Install Windows XP. The standard choice for most types is to install the system from scratch or update the old one. A user-friendly graphical interface is provided.
Updating the system with an additional console. This selection of professional developers and masters is carried out from the command row using additional DOS commands. If you do this, reinstalling the system will not fail.

Then the system will proceed until it looks for installations of earlier OS versions. If such were found, a list of indications will appear on the screen below, and options for upcoming actions will be listed in the menu:

update old Windows XP;
install a new copy of the operating system.

In the first case, you can get rid of it earlier installation of add-ons. Only system files will be replaced, during which the installation will be completed. Another option is to completely reshuffle the system.

This list will not appear only if Windows XP is installed on an empty computer, but also if the system has a different edition or service package installed.

The most important moment of installation

The next point of installation, perhaps, is the most important, and conclude this trace thoughtfully and carefully. You will need to identify the system partition and allocate the disk space in such a way that virtual disk, introduced into the system, there was sufficient space for its functioning.

Of course, both for the system and for your specific data, you can select one and the same section, which is comparable to all space hard drive But such an organization is guaranteed to create no problems.

We split the disk into sections

If the installation of Windows XP is performed on a completely new disk, then you will have to independently distribute the partitions left over from the previous one. Pokrokov's procedure didn’t vibrate at all. The window will indicate the size of the unallocated area - you must match the size of the entire hard drive.

Here it is necessary to create a so-called system partition - the one where the OS is installed. For what you need in megabytes (1 GB is equal to 1024 MB), enter its size and press “Enter” on the keyboard. After this, turn back to the window where the hard drive is broken. The creations of the section will be displayed in a row next to the assigned Latin letter (name C).

The size of the system partition does not depend on the stability of the system. The minimum space for installing Windows XP is 20 GB, or better yet, set it not 20, but 40, or set it to 60 GB.

In a similar manner, with the undivided area that has been lost, you can create other sections for special data, although you won’t want to worry too much - in which type of files and folders of a large size will be distributed less Effectively, navigation through sections will become more confusing.

Formatable system partition

Next, you will need to select the partition to install the system (in our case, drive C) and press the Enter key. A window will appear where you will be prompted to format the section.
Select the format for your browser using the NFTS system (FAT is the old one). After formatting, the process of installing system files will start.
The most important stage of installation has been completed.

However, if the disk you have divided into sections is not formatted, you will be able to carry out this procedure with the creation of sections for special data even after completing the installation of Windows XP using standard methods.

If you are rearranging the system and the disk is already partitioned, then simply select the partition with the system that is being installed, format it and start the installation process. If you choose to format other sections, all information will be lost to them.

Installation is complete

After copying the system files, the computer will restart and the installation will continue.

Meaningful cob parameters: