Many mail servers refuse to accept email attachments larger than 10 MB. While the size of the investment has not kept pace with the times, there are others simple ways for forwarding large files by email.
If you use Gmail or Outlook.com, then your service is email will automatically lend you a helping hand and suggest alternatives. If you are using an email client or other service on your PC, you may need to learn about these details yourself.
What is the maximum mail attachment size?
In theory, there is no limit to the amount of data you can attach to email. E-mail standards do not define any volume limit. In practice, most mail servers impose their own limits on the amount of data.
In general, when files are attached to an email message, you can be sure that attachments up to 10MB will be fine. Some mail servers may have lower limits, but generally 10 MB is the standard.
Gmail allows you to send up to 25 MB with one by emailbut this is only guaranteed to work if you are texting another Gmail user. As soon as the letter leaves gmail servers, it may be rejected by another mail server. Many servers are configured to accept attachments larger than 10 MB.
It is not so easy to predict whether your letter will reach or not, if you focus only on the limitations of the recipient server, since in real life your letter with attachments on the way to the addressee may pass through other servers with their own limitations. You should also keep in mind that email attachments are usually MIME encoded, which increases their size by about 33%. So, 10 MB files on your hard drive will become about 13 MB of data when connected to e-mail.
Use Cloud Storage Services - Cloud Storage
Most simple option will store a file, or files that you want to share with someone, in a cloud storage service such as Dropbox, Google Drive, or SkyDrive. By placing them there, you can make them shared with someone (share access to them) and inform this person that he can receive data from the "cloud" - download directly to his computer. The user will be able, by clicking on the link, to download the file directly to his computer without any problems.
The news is sponsored by CT Consulting, which develops and implements CRM systems. The company's specialists will help you choose the model of the CRM system that is optimal for your business. You can read more about cloud computing and the use of cloud technologies on the official website.
If you're using something like Dropbox, you can share files from a cloud storage service site. For example, click right click Click on the file name on the Dropbox site and select "Share link" if you are using Dropbox.
This is the option many email service providers are pushing us towards. When you try to attach large files to your email in Gmail or Outlook.com, you will be prompted to upload it to Google Drive or SkyDrive first.
Creating and transferring compound archives
If you are looking for a more traditional, "do it yourself" method, then you can choose to split the file into several smaller parts. For example, if you have a 50 MB file that you want to email, you can use a file compression program such as 7-Zip to create an archive containing the file, split into five 10 MB chunks.
You can then send everything in these 10 MB chunks with separate e-mails. The recipient must download each attachment and, using a file extraction program, collect the large, complete file from separate archives.
This traditional method still works as it always has. However, it can be a rather cumbersome method for many. Many people would be baffled by the individual attachments and will not go the extra mile to piece them together. If you are not sure if your recipient will know how to do this, then it is probably better to choose an easier way.
Use a large file transfer service
In response to difficulty sending file attachments by email big size, a lot of services for the provision of services for the transfer of large files have appeared on the Internet. These services allow you to download a file and give you a link. You can then paste the link into an email message, and the recipient can click the link and download the file.
These services have to make money one way or another, and they can do it by placing ads, imposing a maximum file size limit available for free users, or requiring subscription fee... We have covered many online services for transferring and sharing large files before.
These options work fine, but you might prefer using cloud services storage. When you use one of these services, you trust your files, which is fine if your files are not particularly sensitive or important, but you probably want to avoid transferring sensitive data to a free service that you haven't even heard of before. You can, of course, encrypt files before uploading them, but that adds extra hassle to both you and the recipient.
Many email services also block potentially dangerous file types, for example. EXE files because they may contain malware... If you use the services described above, you can send links to such files without the threat of blocking them.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
WEBSITE ADDRESS: http://mail.yandex.ru/
MAIL DOMAINS: yandex.ru
VOLUME OF MAILBOX: 20 Mb.
MAXIMUM LETTER SIZE: 5 MB.
COLLECTING MAIL FROM OTHER ADDRESSES: there is.
REDIRECTED MAIL: yes (using filters).
MAIL ON LOCAL COMPUTER: there is.
ANSWERING MACHINE: yes (using filters).
ANTI-VIRUS / ANTISPAM: yes (DrWeb http://www.drweb.ru) / yes, black list, white list, monitoring the infection of incoming letters with viruses and spam activity.
PAGE SIZE (STARTING / READING / WRITING): 15 + 6/20/20 kb.
ADDRESS BOOK, ORGANIZER: address book, the ability to import data from all modern mail programs.
POST FILTERS: there is.
INACTIVE LIFE TIME: 4 months.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES: check Russian and English spelling, full-text search in the mailbox, the ability to create your own website in the narod.ru domain for non-commercial use of unlimited volume with ready-made templates design, the ability to create mail aliases (see the explanation in the column "Consumer analysis"), a service for accessing mail via WAP (in test mode), a transcoder of incoming mail between all known Russian encodings and transliteration.
CONSUMER ANALYSIS
Yandex (Yandex) is known to Russian-speaking Internet users mainly due to its high-quality search engine. As in the two previous cases, the mailbox named Potrebitel was busy.
By registering on Yandex, you get not only mailing address, but also the site vash_name.narod.ru of unlimited size with ready-made design options, guest book, forum, chat, counters and statistics of visits.
However, such a page can only be used for non-commercial use and cannot be placed on it objects protected by a password. In addition, clause 7.1 of the user agreement states that “Yandex reserves the right to take and leave under its control any subdomain included in a domain belonging to Yandex (www.narod.ru, www.zakladki.ru, etc.) ... Yandex has the right, at its sole discretion and without prior warning, to use the authority of the "top-level domain" in relation to all subdomains, in which case you will have to transfer your subdomain under Yandex control "which, you must agree, is not very pleasant. True, your user page with personal information about you is unlikely to interest Yandex.
Your site, and with it all additional services (guestbook, personal forum and chat, communities, etc.), will be deleted if there has not been a single visit on the site for 4 months and the content has never been updated. Also, your mailbox is deleted if you have not used it for more than 4 months.
If you think you have received a spam message, you can mark it as spam and add the sender's addressee to the black list.
In Yandex mail, all letters go through three levels of filtration. At the first stage, explicit spam is discarded - messages coming from unmanaged (hacked, open) mail servers or caught in spam traps. Then each letter is checked antivirus program DrWeb. In this case, infected messages containing nothing but the virus itself are discarded, and infected messages with text are marked with a special icon with the image of a spider. The last one is the filter that places suspiciously similar letters that were simultaneously sent to the Mailings folder. a large number users. All messages included in it can be deleted after two weeks. This means that important emails will not be lost and your mailbox will not overflow due to the fact that the address got to spammers or someone signed you up for an unnecessary mailing list.
Mailing list filtering acts as another filter after all those set by the mailbox owner. If the Mailings folder contains mail sent from an address of particular interest to you, you can exclude this address from filtering by adding the address to the “white list”. The Mailing folder exists by default. To save any letters that got into it, move them to any other folder. If you want to parse your mail yourself, you can deselect this folder. Email filtering works only in the web interface. If you use Yandex mail, downloading mail to your local computer, letters from the Mailings folder will be downloaded together with letters from the Inbox folder.
Thanks to its large user base, Yandex's anti-spam database is quite complete and quickly reflects changes in the situation. The Yandex website at http://mail.yandex.ru/monitoring/ constantly monitors the progress in combating spam. You can view the latest statistics or monthly charts to help you draw conclusions about the overall health of the email service, at least in the Russian part of the Internet. According to this statistic, 80-90% of emails have to be weeded out.
The Yandex mail service limits the maximum size of not only outgoing but also incoming mail to 5 MB.
Yandex provides the ability to create aliases. Alias, or alias, is another name for your mailbox. The mailbox has aliases in the yandex.ru and narod.ru domains. Mail sent to any of these addresses will arrive in the same mailbox. When sending, you can choose from which address you want to send the letter (that is, which address the recipient will see).
Yandex Mail is perhaps the only one on the Runet among free mail systems, where you can completely disable the display of ads and news headlines, as well as advertising additives at the end of each letter in the "Settings" section. The size of the loaded pages is then very compact, and the overall speed of work increases. AT technical characteristics the data for this particular case are given. If you have not turned off this feature, then the volume of downloaded pages will increase by about 2 times.
The filter system is also quite convenient and allows you to customize the desired action. It is possible to chain filters and change the order of their execution. As an action of filters, you can place a letter in a specific folder (set by default or created by you) or forward it to a specific address. An interesting feature is the ability for letters that fall under the action of a certain filter to send a response that such a mailbox does not exist.
Yandex has an extremely convenient ability to import information into the address book from email programs such as Outlook, Outlook Express, The Bat or in cvs format (comma separated list).
After exiting the web interface for working with mail, you will be automatically redirected to start page http://www.yandex.ru/
SUMMARY
ADVANTAGES: opportunity together with by mailbox create a personal web page, check emails for viruses, an advanced anti-spam system, the ability to import your contact database into your address book, a small amount of pages, good work speed.
LIMITATIONS: the ability to lose your postal address and web page if there is no activity for more than 4 months.
GENERAL ASSESSMENT: very high quality mail service with a good anti-spam system. It enjoys well-deserved popularity in the Russian Internet. The service covers the requirements of most users, and if you use your mailbox without interruptions exceeding 4 months, then Yandex will be a good choice.
Our article today is designed to help novice dummies understand the maze of electronic mail services, of which there are many on the Internet. We will consider a rather trivial, but exciting question for many - how to attach a file to an outgoing letter in Gmail, Yandex, Rambler and Mail.Ru services.
When creating a new letter in the Gmail mail service from Google, just click on the "Attach a file" link, and then find the desired file or archive on your computer and double-click on it.
Keep in mind that only files or archives can be attached to e-mail. This rule applies not only to Gmail, but also to other mail services. You cannot attach a folder to an outgoing email! If you need to send several files, they need to be packed into one archive, for example, in RAR or ZIP format, which is then attached to the letter. You can also attach each file from the folder separately.
In order to attach the next file, click the "Attach another file" link and follow the steps you already know to select a file.
To cancel the attachment of a file to a message, just uncheck the box next to it.
You can attach as many files as you like to Gmail. You just need to remember that the total size of the letter, together with all attached files, should not exceed 25 MB.
Also keep in mind that Gmail is not allowed to send executable files, for example, in EXE format. At the same time, packing files into an archive does not help either. However, there is a way out of any situation: you can change the file extension, for example, from EXE to EX, and inform the recipient of the letter that after saving it on the computer, the file should be renamed back.
Mail on Yandex
Attaching files to emails in the Yandex mail service is just as easy. Just click on the "Attach file ..." button and select the desired file or archive on your computer, and then double-click on it
You can attach several files to the letter, each time pressing the button "Attach a file ...". It should be remembered that the maximum size of an outgoing message with all attached files should not exceed 22 MB. Otherwise, you will have to delete unnecessary files.
But it is very simple to do it - click on the icon with a red cross opposite the unnecessary file to unpin it from the letter.
There is a very interesting option in Yandex mail that allows you to upload files to Yandex.Narod instead of attaching them to an email. If the size of the file attached to the message exceeds the allowable size, then the file will be uploaded to Narod automatically, and the recipient of your letter will see a link by clicking on which he can download this file.
If necessary, you can independently upload any file to the People: click on the arrow next to the "Attach file" button and select this way file transfer. The maximum size of a file uploaded to Yandex.Narod is 5 GB.
Mail on Rambler
The Rambler mail service provides a similar standard for attaching files to outgoing letters: you will need to click the "Attach files" button, find and select required files on the computer disk.
You can attach multiple files to a message. But remember that their total size should not exceed 20 MB.
If you need to delete files attached to the message, just click on the icon with a red cross opposite the name of the file to be deleted.
Mail.Ru
And, finally, the last mail service that we will consider today is the Mail.Ru mail service. It, like Yandex, allows you to send files in two ways - attach them directly to an email or upload them to Files @ Mail.Ru. In the latter case, the recipient of your message will be sent a link to download the file.
In order to attach a file to a letter, click on the "Attach files" button, and then select the necessary files on your computer. You can attach several files and archives to the letter by clicking the "Attach more" button.
The total size of all files attached to the message should not exceed 22 MB. If the files prepared for sending are over 30 MB in size, then they should be uploaded to the Files @ Mail.Ru server. To do this, click the "Change" link and select this method of attaching files - "Upload all files to Files @ Mail.Ru and attach to the letter as links." In this case, the addressee will receive a letter with automatically generated links for downloading files from the server.
No more than 20 files can be attached to each outgoing message. Moreover, the size of each file must not exceed 1GB.
If you need to delete files from the application, just click the icon with a red cross next to the name of the file to be deleted. It will disappear from the list.
So, we looked at ways to send emails with attachments in various postal services... Each service has its own nuances, therefore, when creating outgoing letters, we advise you to pay attention to the permissible number, size and format of files attached to it.
We strive to ensure that all parts of Yandex.Mail work equally well for all users. Today we will tell you about how and why we have completely rewritten the block for adding attachments. This article is about giving up flash, supporting the capabilities of modern browsers and, as a result, increasing the speed and reliability of downloading files.
Problem
Previously, we divided the entire Yandex.Mail audience into users with and without flash.With the first, everything was simple: users with the flash installed attached files to the letter via a flash loader. It allowed you to upload multiple files at once, determine their size and control the upload process.
But with users without flash (8-10% of the daily audience) it was more difficult. We invited them to upload files via the usual form with /\u003e. Files from it were sent via an iframe along with the contents of the letter itself, and this took a lot of time. By clicking the "Submit" button, the user waited a long time for the files to download.
And if small files (up to 25 MB) did not cause any particular difficulties, then large ones gave rise to a new problem: if the file size exceeded the allowable limit, we had to use the Yandex.Narod service, and then Yandex.Disk (with new attachments, we also changed the file storage) *.
* The limit on the size of files sent is explained not so much by technological limitations in Yandex.Mail as by problems with third-party mail servers. Not all of them are ready to accept and store large letters. In order for such letters to reach the addressee, we save attachments larger than 25 MB on Yandex.Disk and add links to the letter.
To determine the size of files for users without a flash, we raised an internal service that worked like this: the client sent the file POST with a request to a special url, the server read the Content-Length header of the request and closed the connection.
The file upload implementation in all browsers is built in such a way that it does not wait for a response from the server until it has fully sent the file. Therefore, the server cannot immediately report the file size. To solve this problem, we made a second GET request, in which the server passed the Content-Length header value equal to the size of the downloaded file to the client.
Both categories of users could have problems attaching files to an email. For example, although the flash loader allows you to select several files and is able to determine their size, but:
- this is a third-party plugin that must be installed on the user's computer, and it can be blocked by other plugins or extensions;
- there are problems with SSL connections and security;
- difficult to solve problems and errors when uploading files.
Of course, we were not satisfied with this state of affairs, and we did not stop looking for an effective solution to these problems.
Possibility
Over the past year, all browsers have learned how to independently (without connecting third-party plugins) organize work with files. For a closer look at all of their modern capabilities, see the article on the Mozilla Developer Network.Here are the new features that have emerged as HTML5 evolved:
- the multiple attribute in the input tag (since Chrome 4, Firefox 3.6, IE 10, Opera 11, Safari 5);
- Drag and Drop API (Chrome 4, Firefox 3.5, IE 5.5, Opera 12, Safari 3);
- FormData (Chrome 7, Firefox 4, IE 10, Opera 12, Safari 5);
- XMLHttpRequest level 2 + CORS + progress events (Chrome 7, Firefox 4, IE 10, Opera 12, Safari 5).
In theory, we could have implemented them a year or a year and a half ago, but the changes would have affected only Chrome and Firefox. These browsers had a good share of the total, but were not monopolies. Opera and IE did not yet support these features at the time. This means that half of the audience would still have to be left on the flash.
So we waited. And before the June release of Opera 12, in which it became possible to introduce the necessary technologies, began to develop.
As for IE10, it is expected to be released soon.
Implementation
As mentioned above, we must separate files into large and small. For example, a user tries to attach ten files to an email, nine of which in total fit within the allowed limit, and the tenth is twice as large as all the others. Without the ability to upload files individually, all ten files would go to Yandex.Disk. However, this does not seem reasonable - after all, it is better to send only one file to Disk, the last one, and upload all the rest in a letter. So we made the decision to download each file separately.Usually files are uploaded via a standard form:
Let's say we are submitting a form to a hidden iframe. In this case, the browser will read all the selected files from input (even if there are many of them) and send it as a POST request to / upload. But here the files are loaded all together, but this does not suit us.
Let's see how AJAX can help us. To send files via AJAX, we need FormData support. Without it, you cannot read the files in input and add them to the request. Let's try this:
var formElement \u003d document.getElementById ("myFormElement"); var xhr \u003d new XMLHttpRequest (); xhr.open ("POST", "/ upload", true); xhr.send (new FormData (formElement));
But in this case, all files will still be sent from input. It turns out that you need to take each file separately and determine where to download it (to Disk or to a letter), that is, process it independently.
for (var i \u003d 0, j \u003d input.files.length; i< j; i++) {
upload(input.files[i]);
}
function upload(file) {
var url = "";
if (file.size > MESSAGE_LIMIT) (url \u003d "uploader.disk.yandex.ru";) else (url \u003d "uploader.mail.yandex.ru";) var data \u003d new FormData (); data.append ("attachment", file); var xhr \u003d new XMLHttpRequest (); xhr.open ("POST", url, true); xhr.send (data); )
It is also convenient to download files separately because an error in downloading one file does not interfere with others.
We support all popular browsers, but not all of them support modern technologies. According to the feature detection policy, we added four checks to enable new features:
- No FormData support → use iframe.
- There is support for FormData → use AJAX.
- There is support for Drag-n-Drop and FormData → enable the ability to drag and drop files from file manager... For example, IE has the first, but not the second, so we cannot send the dragged files.
- There is support for multiple input and FormData → enable the ability to select many files. For example, Opera 11.6 has multiple input, but no FormData, so we cannot send files one at a time.
Modernizr .addTest ("draganddrop-files", function () (return !! (Modernizr ["draganddrop"] && window ["FormData"] && window ["FileReader"]);)) .addTest ("input-multiple" , function () (return !! (Modernizr ["input"] ["multiple"] && window ["FormData"] && window ["FileReader"]);));
In Safari 5.1 for Windows, a bug was immediately found: when several files were selected, all of them turned out to be of zero size and were sent empty to the server. In this browser, I had to disable all new features.
In addition to the AJAX transports, we started using Progress events to render a nice progress bar.
We use it like this:
var xhr \u003d new XMLHttpRequest (); xhr.open ("POST", "/ upload", true); if (xhr.upload) (xhr.upload.addEventListener ("progress", processProgressEvent, false);) else (drawCommonProgressbar ())
Note that when uploading data to the server, the event handler must be hung on the xhr.upload property, and when uploading data from the server, on xhr itself.
In browsers that support the File API, the file size can be found from the File object. In older versions of the spec, the property was called fileSize, now just size.
In browsers without File API support (and there are fewer and fewer of them), we degrade to use an internal file-sizing service.
By the way, with the transition to new technologies, we were able to implement our old idea: drag-and-drop loading of attachments. The drag-and-drop API is very general. It concerns not only files, but any dragging and dropping of objects on the page. Accordingly, absolutely everything can be moved to the file area.
We also had to solve this problem: how to leave only the ability to download files in the mail?
The browser does a lot, but not everything. In the drop event in the event.dataTransfer.files property, of course, there will only be objects from file system... But these objects can be both folders and files. To prohibit the loading of folders (not all browsers are able to load files from folders - the first was Chrome 21, and Firefox refused to do this in principle), we use FileReader. This API allows you to read a file from disk and work with it in JavaScript. And if the object is readable, then it is a file. A small function that implements this method can be viewed on GitHub.
function isRegularFile (file, callback) (// if the size is greater than 4kb, then this is definitely a file if (file.size\u003e 4096) (callback (true); return;) if (! window ["FileReader"]) (/ / cannot check callback (null);) else (try (var reader \u003d new FileReader (); reader.onerror \u003d function () (reader.onloadend \u003d reader.onprogress \u003d reader.onerror \u003d null; // Chrome (Linux / Win ), Firefox (Linux / Mac), Opera 12.01 (Linux / Mac / Win) callback (false);); reader.onloadend \u003d reader.onprogress \u003d function () (reader.onloadend \u003d reader.onprogress \u003d reader.onerror \u003d null ; // You cannot abort after the end of reading the file if (e.type! \u003d "Loadend") (// interrupt reading after the first event reader.abort ();) callback (true);); reader.readAsDataURL (file); ) catch (e) (// Firefox / Win callback (false);)))
However, this check is not necessary for all browsers - Chrome for Mac and IE10 for Windows 8 filter folders themselves.
FileReader should be treated with great caution, especially in Chrome, which behaves unstably: up to version 21, tab crashes were observed when reading a file of several hundred megabytes, and in version 21, it began to crash on small files. We even had to stop using FileReader for this browser.
Among other things, we slightly improved the logic of the appearance of the area for dragging and dropping files. Here again a problem arose: the user can drag the label onto the letter or, for example, accidentally start dragging and dropping a picture from the interface.
To solve this problem in the dragover and dragenter handlers, we made the following check:
var types \u003d event.dataTransfer.types; if (types) (for (var i \u003d 0, j \u003d types.length; i< j; i++) {
if (types[i] == "Files") {
showDragArea();
return false;
}
}
}
The "Files" type means there are real files in the objects being dragged, and "return false" is the start of the drag and drop process. This check does not work in all browsers, but improves the interface a little.
It also turned out that dragenter, dragover, and dragleave events, when hung on document, are subject to the same problems as mouseover, mouseout: they are thrown every time you move between DOM nodes.
The problem was solved by a timeout for processing these events.
var processTimer \u003d null; $ (document) .on (("dragover dragenter": function () (window.clearTimeout (processTimer); showDragArea ();). "dragleave": function () (processTimer \u003d window.setTimeout (function () (hideDragArea ( ); ), 50); ) ));
Cross-domain queries
Uploading to Disk required cross-domain query support, which can be verified as follows:window ["XMLHttpRequest"] && "withCredentials" in new XMLHttpRequest ()
The transport definition policy remains the same.
For cross-domain requests, it is necessary to do correct processing of "preflight" OPTIONS requests. In these requests, the browser asks remote serverwhether it can be accessed from the current domain. They look something like this:
OPTIONS / upload HTTP / 1.1 Host: disk-storage42.mail.yandex.net Origin: https://mail.yandex.ru Access-Control-Request-Method: POST Access-Control-Request-Headers: origin, content-type
The server must respond to this with permissive headers, for example, like this:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://mail.yandex.ru Allow: POST, PUT, TRACE, OPTIONS
Such requests do not always occur, but you need to remember about them and check that they are processed correctly.
If the browser has not received permission for the cross-domain request, then the request will end with status \u003d 0 (this can be handled in onreadystatechange). It could also mean that the request was interrupted by the user or the server. In any case, you should make a fallback for the iframe-loading.
The process of uploading files to Yandex.Disk looks like this: first, a request is made, in which the Disk backend returns to us the url by which to upload the file to the storage, as well as oid (operation id), by which we can request the status of the operation. Uploading is not a synchronous operation, and the end of sending the file from the client does not mean that the file is ready on the server, it must be saved in the right place, check with antivirus software, write to the database.
If there is support for progress events, then the status of the operation is not requested until the download of the file is completed, and the progress bar is drawn using the browser. This allows you to significantly reduce the load on the server and draw smoother progress.
If progress events are not supported, we request the download status every one to two seconds until the server says the file is ready.
Success
In our opinion, the game was worth the candle. We are completely satisfied with the current solution, also because we decided whole line problems without losing the advantages that a flush has:- eliminated "underwater knocks" - user problems with sending letters and loading attachments;
- refused to use the flash;
- subjectively - reduced the time that users spent on sending emails with attachments;
- doubled the number of file uploads to Disk compared to the People.
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